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imtoken官方正版下載|wall street

imtoken官方正版下載|wall street

  • 作者: imtoken官方正版下載
  • 2024-03-07 21:55:55

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歐債集體走強 美股期貨轉(zhuǎn)漲 諾和諾德創(chuàng)歷史新高 歐元短線下挫 德國10年期國債收益率創(chuàng)一個多月來新低,嗶哩嗶哩大跌7%,“七姐妹”多數(shù)上漲,日元持續(xù)反彈,金價維持在高位。 趙穎、李笑寅

21:42

歐洲央行連續(xù)第四次“按兵不動” 下調(diào)今、明兩年通脹預(yù)測 歐央行下調(diào)了今年通脹預(yù)測,為未來幾個月的降息打開了大門,交易員增加降息預(yù)期,預(yù)計2024年將降息100個基點。 趙穎

21:36

銀行發(fā)文明確:在廣州放售/放租兩套買第三套房可按首套房執(zhí)行 如果手握300萬元的首付資金,以前需要四成首付、只能購入750萬元的房產(chǎn);現(xiàn)在即使是購買第三套,也可購入1000萬元的房源。 南方Plus

21:31

嗶哩嗶哩美股盤前跌7%,Q4虧損收窄,游戲收入降幅超預(yù)期 | 財報見聞 上季凈虧損13億元,同比收窄13%,Non-GAPP調(diào)整后凈虧損為5.6億元,同比收窄58%,但游戲收入降幅超預(yù)期。 常嘉帥

21:18

諾和諾德股價創(chuàng)新高 公司公布下一代減肥藥最新數(shù)據(jù) 全新GLP-1口服藥初步試驗結(jié)果樂觀,諾和諾德股價大漲6%,創(chuàng)歷史新高。 常嘉帥

21:08

煤炭的“賣出”信號出現(xiàn)了嗎? 方正證券認為,上周煤炭中觀景氣指數(shù)回落不構(gòu)成“賣出”信號。短期看煤炭需求仍有支撐,港口庫存壓力不大,不會形成累庫趨勢;長期看煤炭等“稀缺資產(chǎn)”將漲價重估。 方正證券曹柳龍、徐嘉奇

20:59

宏觀經(jīng)濟層面亮點多多,維持中長期對金價樂觀預(yù)期,日股印股表現(xiàn)靚麗---0307宏觀脫水 一、宏觀經(jīng)濟層面亮點多多十四屆全國人大二次會議于3月6日召開經(jīng)濟主題記者會,國家發(fā)展和改革委員會主任... 張藝璇

20:58

市場份額超90%!臺積電在AI時代的統(tǒng)治力更強了 摩根大通指出,得益于緊密集成的封裝技術(shù)、領(lǐng)先的工藝技術(shù)以及最廣泛的客戶生態(tài)系統(tǒng),臺積電在Al半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域的護城河似乎比以前的產(chǎn)品周期更寬。 硬AI

20:54

加碼AI芯片!SK海力士計劃斥資10億美元提高HBM封裝能力 SK海力士芯片封裝主管認為,半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)前50年都在專注芯片本身的設(shè)計和制造,而接下來的50年,一切將圍繞芯片封裝展開。 常嘉帥

20:49

中日車企對戰(zhàn)泰國 中日車企在泰國形成了罕見的單挑局面,泰國是日本車企在東南亞的大本營,日企正試圖游說泰國政府放緩電動化步伐。 財經(jīng)十一人

20:41

日股低迷期間基金的自救與破局 國信證券認為,日本高股息+出海穩(wěn)健長期跑贏,低價股策略、逆向投資策略、多空+倉位管理策略、估值為盾+景氣為矛的行業(yè)輪動策略四類策略階段性跑贏。 國信證券王開、陳凱暢

20:38

比亞迪168萬豪車登場 沖高之戰(zhàn)。 曹安潯

20:35

降息預(yù)期推遲 歐央行今晚繼續(xù)“按兵不動”? 緊盯有關(guān)降息的任何表述。 趙穎

20:23

大通脹,把黃金拖入逝去二十年! 上世紀八九十年代的黃金熊市,值得警惕。 陳瀚學(xué)

20:12

亞洲股市下一步的關(guān)鍵:中國看財報、日本看匯率、韓國看治理、印度看基建 匯豐認為財報將是驅(qū)動中國股市走勢的關(guān)鍵因素。目前市場預(yù)計2024年中國企業(yè)每股收益將增長16%。 常嘉帥

20:12

AMD CFO:AI走向端側(cè)是未來,2024年MI300收入將達35億美元 AMD認為,2027年AI芯片的市場規(guī)模達到4000億美元是根據(jù)客戶對其長期需求計算所得,越來越多的用戶在開源生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上編寫模型,與英偉達的差距縮小。 硬AI

19:57

滬上阿姨用“蜜雪價格”沖擊下沉市場 | 見智研究 隨著各家新茶飲IPO臨近,低線城市的增長故事怎么講? 陳艷

19:13

誰?在瘋狂買入比特幣 韓國等亞洲投資者的賭性成為比特幣的沃土。 侯秋蕓

19:09

關(guān)于特別國債的幾點探討 華泰固收指出,歷次市場化發(fā)行的特別國債都難免對債市產(chǎn)生一定擾動,幅度主要取決于貨幣政策配合力度,當前貨幣政策整體態(tài)度穩(wěn)健,但極力避免大水漫灌。 華泰固收張繼強團隊

19:01

從30年國債到10年國開,接下來往哪買? 華泰固收認為,更為穩(wěn)妥的仍是10年期限的品種,近期一方面機構(gòu)選擇拉久期債券時,正逐漸向10年傾斜,另一方面投資者對10年國開的偏好高于10年國債。 華泰固收張繼強團隊

18:38

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四季度家庭凈值變動(億美元) 前值:-13120 預(yù)期:-- 今值:--

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1月消費信貸變動(億美元) 前值:15.61 預(yù)期:100 今值:--

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1月所有家庭支出同比 前值:-2.5 預(yù)期:-4.1 今值:-- 華爾街見聞 關(guān)于我們 廣告投放 版權(quán)與商務(wù)合作 聯(lián)系方式

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What Is Wall Street? Role in Investing and Why It's Famous

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What Is Wall Street?

Understanding Wall Street

Importance

History

Wall Street vs. Main Street

Key Events

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What Is Wall Street? Role in Investing and Why It's Famous

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What Is Wall Street?

Wall Street is literally a street located in New York City at the southern end of Manhattan. Figuratively, Wall Street is much more. It's synonymous with the financial industry and the firms within it. This connotation has its roots in the fact that so many brokerages and investment banks historically have established their headquarters in and around the street. All the better to be close to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

Being on or near Wall Street is no longer considered essential for financial institutions. In fact, these days they are located all around the country. However, the term "Wall Street" still means business—the investment business—and the interests, motivations, and attitudes of its players.

Key Takeaways

Wall Street is a street located in the lower Manhattan section of New York City.Wall Street is used as an umbrella term to describe the financial markets and the companies that trade publicly on exchanges throughout the U.S.Historically, Wall Street has been the location of some of the largest U.S. brokerages and investment banking firms, and is also the home of the NYSE.Wall Street is often contrasted with Main Street, the latter of which is a metaphor for small businesses and individual investors.Events that happened on or around Wall Street often have impacted not just the investment industry, but the U.S. (and even the global) economy.

Understanding Wall Street

Wall Street and its surrounding southern Manhattan neighborhood—known to locals as the Financial District—remain an important location where a number of financial institutions are based. However, the globalization and digitization of finance and investing have led to the rise of many U.S. broker-dealers, registered investment advisors, and investment companies located elsewhere.

Still, Wall Street remains a collective name for the financial markets, the companies that trade publicly, and the investment community itself. Stock exchanges, investment banking firms, commercial banks, brokerages and broker-dealers, financial services, and underwriting firms all symbolize Wall Street.

It's a globally recognized expression that, to some extent, ever refers to the U.S. financial system. Both the NYSE (the largest equities-based exchange in the world) and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York—arguably the most important regional bank of the Federal Reserve System—are based in the Wall Street area.

Wall Street is often shortened to "the Street," which is how the term is frequently used by those in financial circles and the media. For example, when reporting a company's earnings, an analyst might compare a company's revenues to what the Street was expecting. In this case, the analyst is comparing the company's earnings to what financial analysts and investment firms were expecting for that period.

The Importance of Wall Street

Wall Street has had an important impact both economically and culturally.

Economic Importance

The U.S. is the largest economy in the world and New York City is its financial center. As such, Wall Street's global importance is unparalleled.

Wall Street consists of some of the largest financial institutions in the world and employs hundreds of thousands of people. It's home to the NYSE and Nasdaq stock exchanges, two of the largest stock exchanges in the world. On these exchanges are listed some of the biggest companies, including Amazon, Google, Apple, and Exxon.

The economic importance of Wall Street extends throughout the American and international economies, as many financial firms do business worldwide, extend loans to a variety of businesses and individuals, and finance large-scale, global projects.

Cultural Importance

Wall Street's cultural influence extends to movies, TV shows, books, and more. Films such as Wall Street, Margin Call, Boiler Room, Barbarians at the Gate, and more from previous decades, highlight what the fast-paced life is like on Wall Street. They display an exciting, wealthy, and interesting lifestyle.

Large players on Wall Street have become celebrity icons. Warren Buffett, Jamie Dimon, Carl Icahn, Bernie Madoff, George Soros, and Larry Fink are names familiar to many. In the imaginations of some in contemporary society, the term Wall Street may evoke a sense of power, the elite, and often, unscrupulous behavior.

During times of economic trouble, such as the financial crisis of 2008, Wall Street sometimes becomes a scapegoat and the ills of the economy are blamed on the assumed greed associated with it. No other financial term has become so woven into the global culture.

History of Wall Street

Wall Street got its name from the wooden wall Dutch colonists built in lower Manhattan in 1653 to defend themselves from the British and Native Americans. The wall was taken down in 1699, but the name stuck.

Given its proximity to New York's ports, the Wall Street area became a bustling center of trade in the 1700s. Its origins as a financial center began in?1792, when 24 of the most prominent?brokers?and merchants in the U.S. signed the?Buttonwood?Agreement. They reportedly gathered on Wall Street, under a buttonwood tree, to do business.

The agreement outlined the common?commission-based form of trading securities. In effect, it was an effort to establish a members-only stock exchange. Some of the first securities traded were war bonds and?the stocks of such institutions as the Bank of New York.

Out of this acorn of an agreement, the oak that became the NYSE grew. In 1817, the Buttonwood brokers renamed themselves The New York Stock and Exchange Board. The organization rented out spaces for trading in several locations until 1865, when it settled on a location of its own, at the corner of Wall and Broad Streets.

18 Broad Street

The location of the beating heart of Wall Street, the NYSE, is a 1903 Neo-Classical structure of white marble. An adjacent annex, constructed in 1922, is located at 11 Wall Street, and another subsidiary building is at 20 Broad Street. These three buildings fill the block bounded by Wall Street on the north, Broad Street on the East, Exchange Place on the south, and New Street on the west.

As the U.S. grew, several other major exchanges established headquarters in the Wall Street area. These included the?New York Mercantile Exchange, the?New York Board of Trade, the New York Futures Exchange (NYFE), and the?American Stock Exchange, now known as the NYSE American Options.

To support the exchanges and to be where the action was, banks, brokerage firms, and financiers clustered offices around Wall Street. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the House of Morgan, officially J.P. Morgan & Co.—the forerunner to JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley—was directly opposite the NYSE, at 23 Wall Street.

After World War I, New York City surpassed London to become the world's largest and most significant financial center.

Wall Street vs. Main Street

Wall Street is often compared and contrasted to Main Street. The term "Main Street" is used as a metaphor for individual investors, small businesses, employees, and the overall economy. It's derived from the common name for the principal street of a town where most of the local businesses are located.

There is often a perceived conflict between the goals, desires, and motivations of Main Street and Wall Street. Wall Street tends to represent big businesses and financial institutions, while Main Street represents mom-and-pop shops, small companies, and individuals.

Key Events on Wall Street

Events that happened on or around Wall Street often have impacted not just the investment industry, but the global economy and society. Here are some significant moments in Wall Street history.

1889: The Wall Street Journal

On July 8, 1889, Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser?launched The Wall Street Journal, a four-page afternoon newspaper devoted to objective financial and business news. The three men were reporters, but Dow was also a numbers-cruncher who came up with the idea of creating a benchmark list of companies and their stock prices to represent the entire stock market.

Soon, the Journal was publishing the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index along with hundreds of prices of company stocks, bonds, and futures, and the average prime rate for bank loans. For nearly a century, before the advent of real-time internet listings, the Journal was the paper of record for the financial markets.

It evolved into a six-day-a-week periodical (that's been online since 1996). The Journal is a leading and well-respected source of financial and business journalism.

The three founders operated out of offices in lower Manhattan. The fact that they chose to name their new publication The Wall Street Journal indicates that Wall Street already was something of an umbrella term for the world of finance and its denizens. Over the years, the paper helped fix this meaning in the public's mind.

1920: The Wall Street Bombing

It was around noon on Sept. 16, 1920. A horse-drawn cart pulled up at 23 Wall Street right in front of the headquarters of J.P. Morgan & Co. A bustling corner of the neighborhood, it was especially crowded with those headed out for lunch. The cart suddenly exploded. It had been packed with dynamite and filled with sash weights that sailed through the air.

At that time, it was the worst domestic bombing in U.S. history. Ultimately, 40 people were killed or died from their injuries, and another 300 were injured. The J.P. Morgan building's interior was gutted. Marks from the shrapnel still are visible on the exterior.

No one claimed credit and the case was never solved. But because the explosion occurred in front of the Morgan building, known as a symbol of American capitalism, the bombing was ultimately decided to have been an act of terrorism performed by “Reds”—anarchists and communist sympathizers. A stack of anarchist flyers found in a mailbox a block away from Wall Street supported this theory.

As a result, the authorities arrested hundreds of suspected Reds and deported those of foreign nationality. The bombing also encouraged the nativist sentiments that developed in the U.S. during the 1920s, which led to tighter restrictions on immigration.

1929: The Stock Market Crash

The stock market crash of 1929 remains the worst financial crisis in U.S. history. In a pre-digital trading era, its epicenter was the NYSE.

The crash began on October 24 when, after nearly a decade of unparalleled, uninterrupted growth, the stock market opened lower than the previous session. Equities' prices continued to drop throughout the day and, as the news spread, crowds began to gather outside the Exchange.

They groaned as the market closed down again that day, cheered brokers during the next two days when the market seemed to rally, and then panicked on October 28 and October 29, when the declines resumed. Inside the stock exchange, the scene was sheer pandemonium as prices fell too fast for ticker tapes and blackboards to record them.

Ultimately, the DJIA was to fall 89% from its September 1929 peak, wiping out both corporate and individual wealth.

The crash ushered in the?Great Depression. A quarter of America’s working population lost their jobs as the U.S. economy went into a tailspin. Economies throughout Europe followed suit. In the end, the stock market crash and the ensuing decade-long depression?directly impacted nearly every segment of society and altered an entire generation's perspective of, and relationship to, the?financial markets.

1987: The Black Monday Crash

On what is known as Black Monday, Oct. 19, 1987, the S&P 500 Index and Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged more than 25% in value, leading exchanges around the world to drop in a similar frenzy. The week prior, indices had fallen an approximate 10%, priming the pump for the ensuing panic. Up until that time, a bull market had been in control since 1982.

Thanks to the actions of chairman Alan Greenspan and the Federal Reserve, a seeming disaster on a global scale was averted. But the crash brought to light the potential for disruption that the then-new technique of computer programs instigating large-scale amounts of trading might cause (even though enormous amounts of trading were handled by humans that day, as well).

The exact cause of this short-term crash has never been pinpointed. However, afterwards, exchanges implemented circuit breaker rules to prevent program trading from spurring runaway selling. It was hoped that this and other trading curbs would allow the markets time to stabilize and give regulators (and investors) the chance to take appropriate steps.

2007-2008: The Global Financial Crisis

The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 resulted from years of deregulation, easy credit, predatory mortgage lending, the collapse of the subprime mortgage market, and the unregulated use of derivatives. It led to the Great Recession. The root cause of the crisis was unethical and exploitative behavior by banks, investment banks, and insurance firms.

Borrowers with unsatisfactory credit were given mortgage loans without concern for their ability to pay them off and without their comprehension of the risks involved with the loans. As rates rose, those borrowers' mortgage rates reset higher and they couldn't afford to make monthly payments. What's more, as home prices fell dramatically, homeowners couldn't sell their houses for enough to cover their loans. This caused massive numbers of defaults.

Risky derivative securities had been created with the subprime mortgage loans sold by banks. In addition, banks and other large investors used customer deposits to invest in these derivatives. With the defaults on home loans, the derivatives plunged in value.

Many financial institutions had ties to the loans, derivatives, and credit default swaps, an insurance product that investors in the derivatives bought to protect against the risk of default. Thus, they found themselves in severe trouble after the housing market bubble burst.

From housing industry crash to a U.S. financial industry on the brink of collapse to the near ruin of other financial systems across the globe. It was the worst financial crisis since the stock market crash of 1929.

The U.S. government had no choice but to bail out financial institutions that had always been considered “too big to fail.”

2011: Occupy Wall Street

Occupy Wall Street was a 2011 protest?movement?against social and economic inequality?that was centered in?Zuccotti Park, located in Manhattan's Financial District. It began on September 17, as hundreds of protesters camped out in the park. The police forcibly removed and arrested them two months later, on November 15. During the intervening period, there were marches and speeches, calling for more balanced income distribution, better-paying jobs, bank reform, and less corporate influence in politics.?"We are the 99%," was the Occupy protestors' slogan.

The Regulation of Wall Street

After the 1929 Crash

Regulatory measures were put into place to address the lack of government oversight that was considered to have led to the crisis that began in 1929. Among other things, the Securities Act of 1933 required financial institutions to provide investors with all significant information about securities being offered for sale. It also prohibited fraud in securities sales. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and gave it significant power over the securities industry. This included the authority to regulate brokerage firms and to require financial reporting by publicly traded companies.

After the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis

In 2010, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank). It created new government agencies with financial system oversight. The idea behind the act was to address the risky behaviors of financial institutions and the dearth of regulatory oversight that led to the crisis. One area of grave concern was the predatory mortgage lending that had occurred. Another focus was the stability of financial institutions. The act made it possible to liquidate or restructure firms, if necessary, to prevent the use of taxpayer funds to keep them afloat.

The act's Volker Rule restricted the investing practices of banks and regulated derivative securities. It also set up the SEC Office of Credit Ratings to ensure that credit agencies henceforth issued appropriate ratings for institutions, rather than the fabricated favorable ratings that were part of the lead-up to the crisis.

During the Trump Administration

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act signed in 2018 by President Trump addressed criticisms of Dodd-Frank and rolled back some of its provisions. Among other things, it exempted banks with assets of less than $10 billion from the Volker Rule requirements, gave consumers the ability to freeze their credit files at no cost, and eased capital requirements for banks that didn't offer lending or traditional banking services.

What Does Wall Street Speculation Mean?

Speculation refers to the act of investing in securities that have a high risk-reward profile with the goal of obtaining substantial gains, despite the risk of substantial losses. An investor who speculates is likely focused on price fluctuations. They may believe that the market has inaccurately priced a security and they're trying to capitalize on that disparity. Wall Street speculators tend to be professional traders as opposed to retail investors who buy and hold stocks or other assets for the long term.

What Time Does Wall Street Open and Close?

The major U.S. stock markets, including the NYSE and the Nasdaq, are normally open 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. However, there are also extended-hour sessions earlier and later.Pre-market trading typically occurs between 8:00 a.m. and?9:30 a.m., though it can begin as early as 4 a.m. EST.After-hours trading starts at 4 p.m. and can run as late as 8 p.m. EST.

What Is Black Wall Street?

Black Wall Street was a nickname given to the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma, one of the largest and most prosperous African-American business communities in the U.S. in the early 20th century. From May to June, 1921, its 35 blocks were destroyed during the Tulsa Race Riot. It was quickly rebuilt, with over 80 businesses reopening by 1922. More generally, Black Wall Street can also refer to any area of?African-American?high economic or financial activity.

How Do You Get a Job on Wall Street?

Getting a job on Wall Street often starts in college. Majors like finance, business administration and management, economics,?accounting, and mathematics are natural fits?for the investment industry. Firms will consider degrees in other areas too, like marketing or engineering. Try to get an internship at a Wall Street firm or similar institution for at least one summer. A?Master of Business Administration (MBA) can also be attractive to financial institutions, as can tech industry experience. It's also important to target what type of Wall Street job you'd be best suited for. They break down into three main areas:Investment Team: research analysts,?portfolio managers, and?tradersOperations: client relationship, marketing, risk assessment, legal,?back-office?functionsSales: those involved in the creation, promotion, and sale of stocks, bonds, IPOs, foreign exchange, and other financial instruments

The Bottom Line

Wall Street is both an actual street and a symbol. It's home to a variety of financial and investment firms, along with institutions like the NYSE and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Globally, it's come to connote the U.S. financial and?investment communities and industries, plus its interests, attitudes, and behavior.

Article Sources

Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our

editorial policy.

History.com. "Wall Street Timeline."

CNBC. "This Single-Paged Document Started the New York Stock Exchange 225 Years Ago."

Library of Congress. "Wall Street and the Stock Exchanges: Historical Resources."

National Park Service. "New York Stock Exchange."

The Wall Street Journal. "130 Years of History as Seen in the Pages of The Wall Street Journal."

Terrorism on American Soil. "Propaganda by the Deed: The Wall Street Bombing of 1920."

Encyclopedia Britannica. "Wall Street Bombing of 1920."

History.com. "Stock Market Crash of 1929."

Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. "Great Depression Facts."

Encyclopedia Brittanica. "Black Wall Street."

Jstor Daily. "The Devastation of Black Wall Street."

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華爾街(紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)街道)_百度百科

紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)街道)_百度百科 網(wǎng)頁新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤圖片視頻地圖文庫資訊采購百科百度首頁登錄注冊進入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁秒懂百科特色百科知識專題加入百科百科團隊權(quán)威合作下載百科APP個人中心華爾街是一個多義詞,請在下列義項上選擇瀏覽(共4個義項)添加義項收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10華爾街[huá ěr jiē]播報討論上傳視頻紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)街道華爾街(Wall Street),紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)南部從百老匯路延伸到東河的一條大街道。全長僅三分之一英里,寬僅為11米。街道狹窄而短,從百老匯到東河僅有7個街段,卻以“美國的金融中心”聞名于世。美國羅斯柴爾德財團、摩根財團、洛克菲勒石油大王、高盛集團和杜邦財團等開設(shè)的銀行、保險、航運、鐵路等公司的經(jīng)理處集中于此。著名的紐約證券交易所也在這里,仍是幾個主要交易所的總部:如納斯達克、美國證券交易所、紐約期貨交易所等。“華爾街”一詞現(xiàn)已超越這條街道本身,成為附近區(qū)域的代稱,亦可指對整個世界經(jīng)濟具有影響力的金融市場和金融機構(gòu)。中文名華爾街外文名Wall Street地理位置紐約曼哈頓長????度500 m寬????度11 m成????就美國的金融中心最佳游玩季節(jié)全年皆宜建議游玩時長1小時目錄1歷史追溯2現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展3復(fù)興衰退4當今狀況5文化影響?本質(zhì)?看法?文學(xué)?音樂?電影信息6著名建筑7銅牛雕塑8相關(guān)著作?領(lǐng)主時代?外交時代?賭場時代9相似地點10其他信息歷史追溯播報編輯股市崩盤后聚集在紐約證券交易所外的人群華爾街的童年期是從1653年到19世紀末,紐約早期的迅速發(fā)展和金融業(yè)在紐約的興起,與荷蘭人的商業(yè)精神有相當大的關(guān)系。盡管資本主義的早期萌芽是從文藝復(fù)興時期的意大利開始,但真正意義上的資本主義,是到了17世紀中葉在荷蘭逐漸完善的。當時荷蘭形成了一套非常完整的金融體系,包括銀行、股票交易所、信用、保險、有限責(zé)任公司等,金融體系的發(fā)展催生了荷蘭經(jīng)濟起飛,使得這面積很小的歐洲國家,一度成為世界上最強國家之一。當荷蘭人移民到北美,將資本主義的商業(yè)精神帶到了新阿姆斯特丹。華爾街(5張)1664年,新阿姆斯特丹被英國人攻陷,這個城市又從荷蘭人手里轉(zhuǎn)到英國人手里,并被命名為新約克郡(New York,簡稱紐約),以獻給當時的英國國王查理二世的弟弟和繼承人,約克公爵(Duke of York)?,F(xiàn)狀發(fā)展播報編輯從百老匯街角所見的華爾街紐約(New York)最初是荷蘭殖民地,是荷蘭裔移民的聚居地,當時叫做新阿姆斯特丹(New Amsterdam)。普遍將新阿姆斯特丹市政委員會成立的那一年,即1653年,當作華爾街童年期的開始。17世紀40年代,殖民地內(nèi)的小塊土地由基本的尖木樁和圍籬分隔。而后為有效控管來自非洲的奴隸,荷屬西印度公司的代表彼得·斯特伊弗桑特(Peter Stuyvesant),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來自荷蘭的移民團建造更堅固的柵欄。1653年,這片柵欄被強化成一座約3.65米(12英尺)高的泥土木板墻。此后,為了抵御印地安部落、新英格蘭殖民者以及英國人,木板墻便逐漸地被擴張和強化。1685年勘測員沿著原始柵欄劃訂出一條道路,即今日的華爾街。1699年英國人將這面城墻拆除。華爾街名字也由此而被保留至今。1920年一枚炸彈在華爾街摩根大通總部前爆炸這里曾是美國大壟斷組織和金融機構(gòu)的所在地,集中了紐約證券交易所、美國證券交易所、投資銀行、政府和市辦的證券交易商、信托公司、聯(lián)邦儲備銀行、各公用事業(yè)和保險公司的總部以及美國洛克菲勒、摩根等大財團開設(shè)的銀行、保險、鐵路、航運、采礦、制造業(yè)等大公司的總管理處,成為美國和世界的金融、證券交易的中心,一般常把華爾街作為壟斷資本的代名詞。壟斷資本從這里支配著美國的政治、經(jīng)濟。華爾街成了美國壟斷資本,金融和投資高度集中的象征。在其東北角矗立著古老國庫的分庫大樓(現(xiàn)為陳列館),是在華盛頓發(fā)表就職演說的地點修建起來的。許多金融機構(gòu)已經(jīng)離開地理意義上的華爾街,搬遷到交通方便、視野開闊的曼哈頓中城區(qū)去了。華爾街附近擠滿了古舊建筑和歷史文化街區(qū),道路也像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣難以辨認,實在不太符合金融機構(gòu)擴張業(yè)務(wù)的需求?!?11”事件更是從根本上改變了華爾街周圍的格局,有些機構(gòu)干脆離開了紐約這座危險的城市,搬到了清靜安全的新澤西。除了紐約聯(lián)邦儲備銀行之外,沒有任何一家銀行或基金把總部設(shè)在華爾街。雖然,地理上的華爾街非常小,但在真正的意義上,華爾街是美國的資本市場乃至金融服務(wù)業(yè)的代名詞。2001年9月11日,位于華爾街附近紐約金融區(qū)的世界貿(mào)易大廈遭到恐怖襲擊,紐約交易所停止交易,這一刻,美國經(jīng)濟乃至世界經(jīng)濟幾乎停擺,華爾街這個金融帝國的影響力由此可見一斑。復(fù)興衰退播報編輯1920年9月16日,一枚炸彈在華爾街23號,摩根大通總部前爆炸,造成38人死亡,300余人受傷。曼哈頓金融區(qū)的規(guī)模在紐約僅次于中城,是全美國最大的商業(yè)區(qū)之一。在19世紀晚期和20世紀早期,紐約的企業(yè)文化是爭相建造摩天大樓,當時的對手只有芝加哥。即使在今日,金融區(qū)的天際線的確保有自己的特色,與位于北側(cè)數(shù)公里的中城有所分別,縱使大樓的高度略遜一籌。華爾街上的聯(lián)邦國家紀念堂位在華爾街23號的摩根大通總部于1914年建造,數(shù)十年來這個地址在美國金融中一直占有一席之地,不過正改建成公寓。1920年9月16日中午,摩根大通銀行前一枚炸彈爆炸,造成38人死亡,400人受傷。炸彈引爆前不久,一封警告信被投遞進柏樹街和百老匯路口的信箱,上面寫著:“記住我們不會再忍受下去。釋放政治犯否則你們肯定統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都會死。美國無政府主義戰(zhàn)士?!保ㄔ模篎ree the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchists Fighters.)經(jīng)過20年的調(diào)查當局仍然無法找到嫌犯,1940年聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局將檔案閑置,盡管仍然有眾多理論試圖解釋華爾街爆炸案和猜測嫌犯的身份。華爾街股市崩盤后聚集在紐約證券交易所外的人群。1929年華爾街股市崩盤,并導(dǎo)致之后的經(jīng)濟大蕭條。在大蕭條年代,絕大多數(shù)位于金融區(qū)的計劃都被迫延宕,世界貿(mào)易中心是少數(shù)在20世紀最后三季進行的主要計劃,結(jié)果卻是出人意料的非常成功。世界貿(mào)易中心事實上是政府投資的計劃,紐約與新澤西港務(wù)局為了刺激下城經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展而決定建造,國際交易所需的所有工具都已包含在這兩幢超高層復(fù)合大樓內(nèi)。盡管如此,完工后初期大樓內(nèi)大部分的空間都乏人問津。但是,部份大型有影響力的廠商的確進駐世貿(mào)中心,更進一步吸引其他有影響力的企業(yè)買下中心里的辦公室。有些觀點認為,世界貿(mào)易中心儼然取代了華爾街,成為金融區(qū)的核心。在九一一恐怖攻擊事件中,世貿(mào)中心被摧毀,讓1970年代開始興建復(fù)合大樓風(fēng)潮,留下了斷層。九一一恐怖襲擊造成的結(jié)果是企業(yè)紛紛離開華爾街,原本在新澤西的臨時地點變成了長期的辦公室,或甚而將業(yè)務(wù)分散至其他如芝加哥、波士頓等城市。博靈格林公園內(nèi)的銅牛雕像不管是以什么角度來看,華爾街本身和金融區(qū)確實是充斥著高樓大廈。失去了世貿(mào)中心反到讓金融區(qū)出現(xiàn)數(shù)十年來未曾見過的大規(guī)模開發(fā),一部份是歸因于聯(lián)邦政府、州政府和地方政府希望刺激開發(fā)的稅賦獎勵。丹尼爾·李伯斯金(Daniel Libeskind)的紀念基金計劃中新的世界貿(mào)易中心復(fù)合大樓正如火如荼的進行,其中一幢大樓已經(jīng)被替換。計劃的中心是541.32米(1,776英呎)高的自由塔。新的住宅大樓也已如雨后春筍般的出現(xiàn),同樣受惠于稅賦獎勵,舊的辦公室大樓被整修成住宅。金融區(qū)也計劃更新交通系統(tǒng),包括一個新的通勤車站和福頓街(Fulton Street)的運輸中心。當今狀況播報編輯說一家股份有限公司是“華爾街公司”,并不是指該公司的辦公室在華爾街上,更有可能是在說他們主要從事金融服務(wù)業(yè),其公司的總部有可能位于全球的任何一個地點。今天,華爾街的勞動力主要是在中型和大型企業(yè)工作的法律、財經(jīng)專家。附近的商業(yè)區(qū)大多是符合這些專家口味的區(qū)域性公司和連鎖店,提供他們生活必需品。大部分在金融區(qū)工作的人每天從鄰近的長島、康涅狄格州、賓夕法尼亞州、新澤西州和北哈德遜村等地通勤至此工作。華爾街與威廉街口華爾街文化被一般大眾認為過于死板,數(shù)十年來華爾街的公司為了保護他們自身的利益造就了這些陳規(guī),同時也導(dǎo)致白人盎格魯-撒克遜新教徒集團的出現(xiàn)。來對華爾街的批評主要集中在基本結(jié)構(gòu)問題和拒絕改變確立已久的習(xí)慣。華爾街的公司反對政府的監(jiān)督與管制。同時紐約市又以復(fù)雜的官僚制度聞名,讓中產(chǎn)階級企業(yè)家難以進入華爾街和鄰近區(qū)域的市場。自美國聯(lián)邦儲備理事會銀行系統(tǒng)建立以來,位于金融區(qū)的紐約聯(lián)邦儲備銀行就一直是美國貨幣政策執(zhí)行的地點,不過制定政策的權(quán)利則是在華盛頓特區(qū)的聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的中央管理委員會。紐約是美國各州中唯一擁有自己聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的行政區(qū),部份的原因可能是因為當時紐約龐大的人口。(在20世紀60年代以前,紐約的人口數(shù)高居全美國之首,1960年之后則排名第三,次于加利福尼亞州和得克薩斯州)紐約聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的總裁是聯(lián)準會管理委員會中唯一的常任代表,傳統(tǒng)上擔任管理委員會的副主席一職。該銀行地下25米有一個用于儲藏黃金的地窖,規(guī)模世界第一,其儲藏量甚至大于諾克斯堡。文化影響播報編輯本質(zhì)相較于商業(yè)街,華爾街通常指商業(yè)影響力大于中小型企業(yè)和中產(chǎn)階級的公司企業(yè),有時特別用來代表分析師、持股人、和諸如投資銀行等金融機構(gòu)。一般人對商業(yè)街的印象通常不外乎地區(qū)性的企業(yè)和銀行,另一方面華爾街則普遍作為私有、重視自身利益的“美國企業(yè)”的代名詞。有時華爾街會用以區(qū)別投資銀行和財富500強企業(yè)在影響力、文化和生活方式上與小企業(yè)之間的差異??捶ㄅf式的摩天大樓通常有精美的外觀,但已有數(shù)十年這種精致的美學(xué)不曾在現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的建筑上見到。1970年代建造的世界貿(mào)易中心是現(xiàn)今重視實用性的摩天大樓的代表,其外表單調(diào)、簡單,世貿(mào)雙塔常被批評為長得像兩個高高的盒子。華爾街比任何事物都更能代表金融和經(jīng)濟力量。對美國人而言,有時華爾街等同精英主義、強權(quán)政治和割喉形態(tài)的資本主義,但同時華爾街也喚起美國人對市場經(jīng)濟的驕傲。在美國人的心目中,華爾街是一個依靠貿(mào)易、資本主義和創(chuàng)新,而非殖民主義和掠奪成長的國家和經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)的象征。文學(xué)赫爾曼·梅爾維爾的短篇小說《書記員巴特子比》的副標題是《一個華爾街的故事》,對一位好心又富有的律師有絕佳的描繪。威廉·福克納的小說《聲音與憤怒》中的杰森·康普生將手中股票表現(xiàn)不佳的原因怪罪給猶太人,凸顯大眾對于華爾街的看法。音樂10cc在20世紀70年代的流行歌曲《華爾街曳步舞》(Wall Street Shuffle)以華爾街為題材。電影信息大眾影評網(wǎng)《華爾街》劇照(4張)1:1987年電影《華爾街》敘述企業(yè)的私下往來和內(nèi)線交易,表現(xiàn)出一般大眾對華爾街的看法。2:2010年電影《華爾街2:金錢永不眠》則敘述華爾街如何引發(fā)次貸危機及投資銀行間的相互斗爭。3:《星艦奇航記》中極度崇尚資本主義的外星種族佛瑞吉人會定期前往華爾街朝圣。4:《虎膽龍威3》中恐怖份子賽門·格魯伯在華爾街制造爆炸,欲偷取儲藏在紐約聯(lián)邦準備銀行地窖中的金磚。5:《酷斯拉》中變種蜥蜴酷斯拉在踐踏摧毀福頓漁貨市場后沿著華爾街行走。6: 《入侵華爾街》中主人公吉姆為正義而戰(zhàn),血洗華爾街并借特警殺死了卑鄙的銀行家。著名建筑播報編輯華爾街上的建筑風(fēng)格多以鍍金年代為基礎(chǔ),附近地區(qū)同時也受到裝飾藝術(shù)的影響。聯(lián)邦國家紀念堂和位于百老匯街口的紐約證券交易所是街上最著名的建筑物。此外,亞托羅·迪·莫迪卡(Arturo Di Modica)所雕塑的公??梢哉f是表華爾街的的代表。1989年12月,莫迪卡將這尊代表牛市的雕塑作為公共藝術(shù),放置在紐約證券交易所前方,后被移至華爾街附近的博靈格林(Bowling Green)公園。走上百老匯與華爾街的交界處,抬頭就看到了著名的三位一體教堂(Trinity Church);早在華爾街還是一堵破爛不堪的城墻的時候,它就已經(jīng)是這附近的標志性建筑了。三位一體教堂的正前方是紐約證券交易所(NYSE),背后是美國證券交易所(AMEX),左右兩側(cè)都是高聳的寫字樓,只有周圍的一小塊地方還保存著17世紀的花園和墓地。從教堂門前穿越百老匯,就算正式進入了華爾街。華爾街1號:紐約銀行大樓(原歐文信托銀行大樓)911前從空中鳥瞰世貿(mào)雙塔華爾街14號:美國信孚銀行大樓百老匯街8號:紐約證券交易所大樓華爾街23號:原摩根大通大樓,現(xiàn)改為公寓華爾街37號:原美國信托公司,美國大通銀行,現(xiàn)改為出租住宅華爾街40號:川普大樓,曼哈頓信托銀行華爾街45號:原多倫多道明銀行,現(xiàn)改為住宅華爾街48號:原紐約銀行總部,現(xiàn)改為美國金融博物館華爾街60號:德意志銀行大樓,摩根大通大樓華爾街63號:原布朗兄弟哈里曼信托大樓,現(xiàn)改為住宅華爾街111號:花旗銀行大樓銅牛雕塑播報編輯華爾街的銅牛雕像一直是美國資本主義最為重要的象征之一,也是外來游客必到的景點之一。這座銅牛塑像是由意大利藝術(shù)家狄摩迪卡設(shè)計的,銅牛身長近5米,重達6300公斤,無數(shù)前來觀光的游客,都愿與銅牛合影留念,并以撫摸銅牛的牛角來祈求好運。 狄摩迪卡是在1987年紐約股市崩盤之后,有了創(chuàng)作的靈感。他說:“當我看到有人失去了一切,我感到非常難過,于是我開始為年輕的美國人創(chuàng)作一件美麗的藝術(shù)品?!睘榱嘶I資,他賣掉了家鄉(xiāng)西西里祖?zhèn)鬓r(nóng)場的一部分,總共籌得資金36萬美元。 1989年的一個午夜,他在紐約證券交易所外將這座后來舉世聞名的銅牛塑像豎立起來,宣稱它是“美國人力量與勇氣”的象征。由于狄摩迪卡無法取得許可,數(shù)日之后,銅牛于1989年12月20日被遷移到幾條街之外的鮑林格林公園現(xiàn)址。相關(guān)著作播報編輯《摩根財團》2014年江蘇文藝出版社出版《摩根財團:美國一代銀行王朝和現(xiàn)代金融業(yè)的崛起(1838~1990)》著作《摩根財團》這是一部羅恩·徹諾(Ron Chernow)所撰寫的華爾街通俗史。作者獨辟蹊徑,以一個銀行帝國的財富為唯一的折射點來看待整個華爾街的輝煌歷史。作者以翔實生動的描述再輔以豐富的數(shù)據(jù),讓讀者在不知不覺之間了解華爾街光輝的過去,甚至在書中找到樂趣。試問哪一個銀行帝國最能反映華爾街歷史呢?毫無疑問,是鑄就摩根財團的J.P.摩根家族及其在大洋彼岸所建立的銀行帝國。 [1]J.P.摩根、摩根士丹利和摩根建富,這三家摩根銀行的歷史就是英美金融界本身的歷史。一百五十多年來,它們在華爾街或倫敦金融城的每一次恐慌、繁榮和股市崩潰中都首當其沖。它們經(jīng)受了戰(zhàn)爭和蕭條、丑聞和審訊、轟炸和未遂暗殺?,F(xiàn)代世界還沒有哪個金融王朝如此穩(wěn)定地維持著其顯赫地位。摩根財團的編年史就像一面鏡子,從中我們可以研究高額融資的風(fēng)格、職業(yè)道德及禮儀規(guī)范上的變化。為使這個巨大的歷史畫卷井然有序,作者將其傳奇經(jīng)歷劃分為三個階段,領(lǐng)主時代、外交時代和賭場時代, [1]而摩根財團的這三個也正是華爾街所經(jīng)歷的三個不同階段。領(lǐng)主時代1913年的華爾街是皮爾龐特?摩根的領(lǐng)主時代。這時銀行家是經(jīng)濟體系中的主人,他們?yōu)檫\河、鐵路、煉鋼廠、航運公司融資,從而為新生的工業(yè)社會提供了資本。 [2]在那樣一個桀驁不馴的競爭時代,是銀行家解決了公司間的爭端,并組織了托拉斯來遏制競爭。他們作為資本提供者和使用者的主要中介,監(jiān)督著大規(guī)模的工業(yè)發(fā)展。 [1]因為是他們在配置稀有的資金,所以他們往往比接受融資的公司更有勢力,日益掌握對這些公司的控制權(quán),由此產(chǎn)生了一代難以馴服的銀行家。他們的錢財如神話般滾滾而來,引起了公眾的恐慌,最后促成了一場政治運動,以控制銀行家過度的影響——1913年,依照《聯(lián)邦儲備法案》,美聯(lián)儲成立。 [2]外交時代在小杰克·摩根的外交時代,華爾街的私人銀行家們處于兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,搖身成為政府的左膀右臂,完成了一次又一次秘密使命,與各國的中央銀行平起平坐。摩根銀行家們這時變成了政權(quán)掮客和全球會議上政府的非正式代表。他們作為國王、總統(tǒng)和教皇的摯友,在華盛頓或英國白廳的嚴密監(jiān)督之下從事外交活動。在國外,他們似乎經(jīng)常成為政府政策的化身;在國內(nèi),它們?nèi)耘f是各個公司“傳統(tǒng)的開戶銀行”,但是這些公司盡管仍然算得上忠誠,卻越來越不需要強大的銀行家的幫助。摩根合伙人與客戶維持著排他的關(guān)系,因而享受一個高貴奢華的世界,似乎是那么文雅,那么悠閑自得,不受現(xiàn)代標準的侵擾。 [1]賭場時代在二戰(zhàn)后的賭場時代,華爾街銀行家們面臨著全球市場激烈的隱蔽的競爭,對客戶失去了控制??鐕敬藭r壓倒了銀行家,在資本和金融技巧上與他們一爭高低。機構(gòu)投資者,比如說保險公司、共同基金、養(yǎng)老基金等成為新的抗衡力量。 [1]由于公司和政府能夠在各國籌措各種貨幣的資金,所以力量的天平已朝著不利于銀行家的方向大大傾斜了(聯(lián)邦政府的一系列金融改革法案和銀行法)。然而,正如摩根財團的歷史所表明的那樣,這一新型的金融攻勢,實在是銀行家虛弱的癥狀。隨著老客戶們“翻身得解放”,昔日的華爾街上的紳士銀行家們也不得不東奔西跑地去攬生意,以便找到新的地盤。他們就在那殘酷無情的公司兼并的世界里找到了自己的地盤,這樣一個世界挽救了他們,卻危害了經(jīng)濟。在這個競爭激烈的金融新時代,銀行家們已經(jīng)拋棄了自維多利亞時代就已統(tǒng)治英美金融界的傳統(tǒng)。 [1]相似地點播報編輯(著名CBD)【注:排名不分先后】金融城(英國倫敦)銀座(日本東京)中環(huán)(中國香港特別行政區(qū))陸家嘴(中國上海)烏節(jié)路(新加坡)拉德芳斯(法國巴黎)悉尼CBD(澳大利亞悉尼)其他信息播報編輯華爾街日報The Wall Street Journal其是美國乃至全世界影響力最大,側(cè)重金融、商業(yè)領(lǐng)域報導(dǎo)的日報,創(chuàng)辦于1889年。日發(fā)行量達200萬份。同時出版了亞洲版、歐洲版、網(wǎng)絡(luò)版,每天的讀者大概有2000多萬人。《華爾街日報》新聞輿論通過尖利的筆鋒凈化著商業(yè)市場,正是它的輿論監(jiān)督讓商業(yè)公司不能為所欲為。華爾街現(xiàn)代老板俱樂部華爾街現(xiàn)代老板俱樂部WALL STREET MODERN BOSSES CLUB的創(chuàng)始人就是1792年5月17日在華爾街68號前的一棵梧桐樹下,討論了有價證券交易的條件和規(guī)則的24位股票買賣經(jīng)紀人。其結(jié)果就是他們共同簽訂了舉世聞名的《梧桐樹協(xié)議》,英語稱之為ButtonwoodAgreement。這24位在梧桐樹協(xié)議上簽了字的經(jīng)紀人組成了一個獨立的、享有交易特權(quán)的有價證券交易聯(lián)盟合作,即卡特爾—屬封閉式的最富有、最創(chuàng)新的經(jīng)紀人老板俱樂部。也是后來紐約證券交易所的雛形,因此,1792年5月17日這一天也成為紐約證券交易所的誕生日。新手上路成長任務(wù)編輯入門編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見反饋投訴建議舉報不良信息未通過詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢與解封?2024?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺?|?京ICP證030173號?京公網(wǎng)安備110000020000

紐約景點攻略:華爾街(Wall Street) - 知乎

紐約景點攻略:華爾街(Wall Street) - 知乎切換模式寫文章登錄/注冊紐約景點攻略:華爾街(Wall Street)Adrianne旅游前往理由(Reasonto

go):

1. 華爾街是紐約證券交易所的第一個常駐地,至今仍是幾個主要交易所的總部,包括紐約證交所、納斯達克、美國證券交易所、紐約商業(yè)交易所和紐約期貨交易所。

2. 華爾街上有一頭青銅公牛塑像,被認為是華爾街的標志,也是游客們最喜歡留影的一個景點。

3. 眾多美國電影在華爾街取景或題材是有關(guān)華爾街的,如《華爾街》、《華爾街2:金錢永不眠》、《星艦奇航記》、《虎膽龍威》、《酷斯拉》、《入侵華爾街》以及《華爾街之狼》。景點介紹(Introduction):華爾街(英語:Wall

Street)是一條位于美國紐約市下曼哈頓的狹窄街道,西起三一教堂,向東一路延伸至東河旁的南街,是橫跨紐約曼哈頓的金融中心。位于紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)南部,從百老匯路延伸到東河,長不超過1英里,寬僅11米。1792年荷蘭殖民者為抵御英軍侵犯在此建筑了一堵土墻,街道因而得名Wall

Street。后拆除了圍墻,但“華爾街”的名字卻保留了下來。今日,「華爾街」一詞已超越這條街道本身,成為附近區(qū)域的代稱,同時也可以借指對整個美國經(jīng)濟具有影響力的金融市場和金融機構(gòu)。現(xiàn)時許多金融公司已經(jīng)把總部遷離華爾街,取而代之的是曼哈頓的中城,以及紐約市其他外圍地帶諸如長島、威斯特徹斯特、費爾菲爾德、紐澤西州等地。小貼士(Tips):1. 聯(lián)邦大廳

(Federal Hall)是美國首座國會大廈,也是喬治·華盛頓

(George

Washington) 宣誓就任首屆國家總統(tǒng)的地方。 免費參觀。周一至周五9:00到17:00開放。感恩節(jié)和圣誕節(jié)關(guān)閉。2. 紐約證券交易所(New

York Stock Exchange),不向公眾開放。銅牛(Charging

Bull)雕塑,代表股市牛市,是美國資本主義最為重要的象征之一。

3. 紐約聯(lián)邦儲備銀行(Federal

Reserve Bank of New

York)下25米有一個用于儲藏黃金的地窖,規(guī)模世界第一。免費開放給公眾參觀并配有講解人員,但人數(shù)有限,要提前幾個月預(yù)約,周一到周五開放,從11:15到16:00有6個時間段可選。不能拍照,要檢查證件。4. 三一教堂(Trinity

Church)

A 是圣公會紐約教區(qū)的一座古老的堂區(qū)教堂。被認為是哥特復(fù)興式建筑的經(jīng)典實例。開放時間:周一到周五7:00-18:00,周六8:00-16:00,周日7:00

-16:00。相關(guān)費用(Fee):

1. 旅游團團隊:紐約市區(qū)一日游將游覽華爾街,成人$10。

2. 自由行散客:免費位置交通(Transportation):1. 跟團旅游巴士。

2. 公共交通:乘坐地鐵2、3、4、5號線至WallSt站下車。編輯于 2016-12-30 14:14華爾街紐約美國自由行?贊同 10??添加評論?分享?喜歡?收藏?申請

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Today's marketMarch 6, 2024 at 9:15 a.m. EDTMichael P. Reinking, CFASr. Market StrategistFutures were higher overnight as tech sentiment improved following strong earnings from CrowdStrike (+>10%) easing some of the enterprise spending concerns after the Palo Alto miss a couple of weeks ago. Equities have extended to the upside after the open as there were no real surprises in today’s economic data or Fed Chair Powell’s testimony before the House After filling yesterday’s gap markets have started to pull back modestly from the highs as some of the tech strength is fading. It will be interesting to see if we can hold the gains into the close. As we head to print, the S&P 500 is up 30pts to 5,108 (+0.6%), the Dow is up 93pts to 38,678 (+0.2%), while the Russell 2k is up 16pts to 2,069 (+0.8%). The NYSE FANG+ index is up ~0.6% but has been unable to reclaim its 20d ma after breaking below it yesterday for the first time since January. I’d also keep an eye on the VIX which is hovering just under 15.READ MOREWEEKLY RECAPQ4 Earnings PreviewIf you would like to learn more about NYSE proprietary market insights and related content, please visit:NYSE ResearchIndicesDescriptionLastChange (%)NYSEDescriptionLastChange (%)NYSE AmericanDescriptionLastChange (%)ETFsDescriptionLastChange (%)

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Why Wall Street Is a Key Player in the World's Economy

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What Is Wall Street?

Understanding Wall Street

Effects on the World Market

Wall Street's Impact

Wall Street As a Global Bellwether

Economic Indicators

Company Results

Criticism

FAQs

The Bottom Line

Economics

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Why Wall Street Is a Key Player in the World's Economy

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What Is Wall Street?

The most important financial center in the world??A fabled place of silver spoons and golden parachutes??A hub of cut-throat capitalism? Or all of the above? Wall Street is many things to many people, and the perception of what it really is depends on who you ask. Although people’s views of Wall Street may differ widely, what is beyond dispute is its enduring impact not just on the American economy, but on the global one.

Key Takeaways

"Wall Street" is a metonym for the financial district in lower Manhattan in New York City.Originally referring only to a handful of brokerage firms, the term is now used to refer to the entire investment and financial industry.As the trading hub for the world's largest economy, Wall Street has an oversized impact on the rest of the world's financial system.Because securities markets are sensitive to changes in economic climate, Wall Street acts as a bellwether for the economy as a whole.However, Wall Street has attracted criticism as a symbol of the worst elements of capitalism.

Understanding Wall Street

Wall Street physically takes up only a few blocks that amount to less than a mile in the borough of Manhattan in New York City; however, its clout extends worldwide. The term “Wall Street” was initially used to refer to the select group of large independent brokerage firms that dominated the U.S. investment industry.

But with the lines between investment banks and commercial banks having been blurred since 2008, Wall Street in current financial parlance is the collective term for the numerous parties involved in the U.S. investment and financial industry. This includes the biggest investment banks, commercial banks, hedge funds, mutual funds, asset management firms, insurance companies, broker-dealers, currency and commodity traders, financial institutions, and so on.

Although many of these entities may have their headquarters in other cities, such as Chicago, Boston, and San Francisco, the media still refers to the U.S. investment and financial industry as Wall Street or simply “The Street.” Interestingly, the popularity of the term “Wall Street” as a proxy for the U.S. investment industry has led to similar “Streets” in certain cities where the investment industry is clustered being used to refer to that nation’s financial sector, such as Bay Street in Canada and Dalal Street in India.

$24.97 Trillion

The total market capitalization of the world's largest stock exchange, the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street.

Effects of Wall Street on the World Market

The U.S. is the world’s biggest economy, with a 2022 gross domestic product (GDP) of nearly $27 trillion. In terms of market capitalization relative to the size of the economy, the U.S. is the world’s biggest by some distance, with a 155.6% ratio of market capitalization relative to GDP (as of year-end 2022. Canada is second at 143.8% and India's market is a distant third, with just over 111% of market cap compared to its economic output.

Wall Street has such a significant impact on the global economy because it is the trading hub of the biggest financial markets in the world’s richest nation. Wall Street is home to the venerable New York Stock Exchange, which is the undisputed leader worldwide in terms of average daily share trading volume and total market capitalization of its listed companies.?The Nasdaq Stock Exchange, the second-largest exchange globally, also has its headquarters on Wall Street.

How Does Wall Street Have Such an Impact?

Wall Street affects the U.S. economy in a number of ways, the most important of which are as follows:

Wealth Effect: Buoyant stock markets induce a “wealth effect” in consumers, although some prominent economists assert that this is more pronounced during a real estate boom than it is during an equity bull market. But it does seem logical that consumers may be more inclined to splurge on big-ticket items when stock markets are hot and their portfolios have racked up sizable gains.

Consumer Confidence: Bull markets generally exist when economic conditions are conducive to growth and consumers and businesses are confident about the outlook for the future. When their confidence is riding high, consumers tend to spend more, which boosts the U.S. economy since consumer spending accounts for nearly 70% of it.

Business Investment:?During bull markets, companies can sell stock to raise capital, which can then be deployed to acquire assets or competitors. Increased business investment leads to higher economic output and generates more employment.

Wall Street As a Global Bellwether

The stock market and the economy have a symbiotic relationship, and during good times, one drives the other in a positive feedback loop. But during uncertain times, the interdependence of the stock market and the broad economy can have a severely negative effect. A substantial downturn in the stock market is regarded as a harbinger of a recession, but this is by no means an infallible indicator.

For example, the Wall Street crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression of the 1930s, but the crash of 1987 did not trigger a recession. This inconsistency led Nobel laureate, Paul Samuelson, to famously remark that the stock market had predicted nine of the last five recessions.

Wall Street drives the U.S. equity market, which in turn is a bellwether for the global economy. The 2000-02 and 2008-09 global recessions both had their genesis in the U.S., with the bursting of the?technology bubble and housing collapse, respectively. But Wall Street can also be the catalyst for global expansion, as is evident from two examples in the current millennium. The 2003-07 global economic expansion commenced with a huge rally on Wall Street in March 2003. Six years later, amid the biggest recession since the 1930s depression, the climb back from the economic abyss started with a massive Wall Street rally in March 2009.

Why Wall Street Reacts to Economic Indicators

Prices of stocks and other financial assets are based on current information, which is used to make certain assumptions about the future that in turn form the basis for estimating an asset’s fair value. When an economic indicator is released, it would usually have little impact on Wall Street if it comes in as per expectations (or what’s called the “consensus forecast” or “analysts’ average estimate”).

But if it comes in much better than expected, it could have a positive impact on Wall Street; conversely, if it is worse than expected, it would have a negative impact on Wall Street. This positive or negative impact can be measured by changes in equity indices like the Dow Jones Industrial Average or S&P 500 index, for instance.

For example, let’s say the U.S. economy is coasting along and payroll numbers that are to be released on the first Friday of next month are expected to show that the economy created 250,000 jobs. But when the payroll report is released, it shows that the economy only created 100,000 jobs. Although one data point does not make a trend, the weak payroll numbers may lead some economists and market-watchers on Wall Street to rethink their assumptions about U.S. economic growth going forward. Some Street firms may lower their forecasts for U.S. growth and strategists at these firms may also reduce their targets for the S&P 500. Large institutional investors who are clients of these Street firms may choose to exit some long positions upon receiving their lowered forecasts. This cascade of selling on Wall Street may result in equity indices closing significantly lower on the day.

Why Wall Street Reacts to Company Results

Most medium to large-sized companies are covered by several research analysts who are employed by Wall Street firms. These analysts have in-depth knowledge of the companies they cover and are sought after by institutional “buy-side” investors (pension funds, mutual funds, etc.) for their analysis and insights. Part of analysts’ research efforts are devoted to developing financial models of the companies they cover and using these models to generate quarterly (and annual) revenue and earnings per share forecasts for each company. The average of analysts’ quarterly revenue and earnings per share (EPS) forecasts for a specific company is called the “Street estimate” or “Street expectations.”

Thus, when a company reports its quarterly results, if its reported revenue and EPS numbers match the Street estimate, the company is said to have met Street estimates or expectations. But if the company exceeds or misses Street expectations, the reaction in its stock price can be substantial. A company that exceeds Street expectations will generally see its stock price rise, and one that disappoints may see its stock price plunge.

Wall Street Criticisms

Some criticisms of Wall Street include:

It is a rigged market: Although Wall Street operates fairly and on a level playing field most of the time, the convictions of Galleon Group co-founder, Raj Rajaratnam, and several SAC Capital Advisors on insider trading charges,?reinforce the perception held in some areas that the market is rigged.

It encourages skewed risk-taking: The Wall Street model of business encourages skewed risk-taking since traders can make windfall profits if their leveraged bets are right, but do not have to bear the huge losses that would result if they are wrong. Excessive risk-taking is believed to have contributed to the meltdown in mortgage-backed securities in 2008-09.

Wall Street?derivatives are WMDs: Warren Buffett warned in 2002 that the derivatives developed by Wall Street were financial weapons of mass destruction, and this proved to be the case during the U.S. housing collapse when mortgage-backed securities went into free-fall.

Wall Street can bring the economy to its knees: As discussed earlier, and as seen in the Great Recession of 2008-09.

Too Big to Fail rescues need taxpayer funds: Giant Wall Street banks and firms that are deemed “Too Big to Fail” would need taxpayer funds if they are in need of a rescue.

Disconnect from Main Street: Many see Wall Street as a place where unnecessary middlemen abound, who are very well paid despite not generating value for the real economy like Main Street does.

Wall Street arouses envy in some and anger in many: Million-dollar payouts that are quite common on Wall Street arouse envy in some and anger in others, especially in the aftermath of the 2008-09 recession. For example, “Occupy Wall Street” claimed in its manifesto?that it “is fighting back against the corrosive power of major banks and multinational corporations over the democratic process, and the role of Wall Street in creating an economic collapse that has caused the greatest recession in generations.”

What Does Wall Street Do?

"Wall Street" is a figure of speech representing the largest investment houses, banks, and brokerages in the United States, many of them headquartered in the financial district of lower Manhattan. Many of these firms make money by identifying and investing in companies that are likely to see an increase in valuation. Others make money by selling research information, or investing money on behalf of their clients in exchange for a commission of sales.

Where Does Wall Street Get Its Name?

The name "Wall Street" comes from the wall erected by Dutch settlers to protect their colony from British and other invaders. As New York City grew, the wall was replaced by a street that eventually became the address of the New York Stock Exchange.

How Does Wall Street Affect Ordinary Americans?

Most Americans keep their retirement savings in a 401(k) or other tax-advantaged retirement account, where these savings are invested in the stocks and bonds issued by different companies. If the stock market suffers, retirement savings will also shrink as the value of those stocks goes down. In addition, the value of a company's stocks will determine whether that company can invest in new facilities or hire new employees.

The Bottom Line

Wall Street consists of the largest stock exchanges, the largest financial firms, and employs thousands of people. As the trading hub of the world’s biggest economy, Wall Street has an enduring impact not just on the American economy, but also on the global one.

Article Sources

Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our

editorial policy.

Statista. "Largest Stock Exchange Operators Worldwide as of July 2023."

International Monetary Fund. "GDP, Current Prices."

Siblis Research. "Global Market Cap to GNI/GDP Ratios by Country."

BBVA. "The Largest Stock Markets in the World."

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. "Shares of Gross Domestic Product: Personal Consumption Expenditures."

International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook: Slowing Growth, Rising Risks," Page 51.

The Brookings Institution. "The Origins of the Financial Crisis," Page 7.

Berkshire Hathaway. "2002 Annual Report," Page 21.

National Bureau of Economic Research. "The Global Impact of America’s Housing Crisis," Pages 1-2.

Occupy Wall Street. "About."

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