比特派官網(wǎng)app下載地址|wikileaks
比特派官網(wǎng)app下載地址|wikileaks
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- 2024-03-07 21:59:40
WikiLeaks | Founding, History, Chelsea Manning, & Controversies | Britannica
WikiLeaks | Founding, History, Chelsea Manning, & Controversies | Britannica
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WikiLeaks
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WikiLeaks
Table of Contents
Introduction & Top QuestionsFrom the founding of WikiLeaks to ClimategateWikiLeaks and Chelsea ManningEdward Snowden and the Sony Pictures hackWikiLeaks and its links to Russian intelligence
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Written by
Michael Ray
Michael Ray oversees coverage of European history and military affairs for Britannica. He earned a B.A. in history from Michigan State University in 1995. He was a teacher in the Chicago suburbs and Seoul,...
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Table of Contents
Julian Assange
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Category:
Science & Tech
Date:
2006 - present
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Areas Of Involvement:
whistleblower
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Related People:
Julian Assange
Chelsea Manning
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Recent News
Mar. 4, 2024, 4:39 AM ET (Deutsche Welle)
Germany's Scholz speaks out against Assange extradition
Feb. 26, 2024, 12:31 PM ET (ABC News (U.S.))
WikiLeaks’ Assange faces wait to find out whether he can challenge extradition to the US
Feb. 26, 2024, 4:02 AM ET (ABC News (U.S.))
WikiLeaks founder Assange faces his last legal roll of the dice in Britain to avoid US extradition
Feb. 21, 2024, 7:37 PM ET (AP)
WikiLeaks’ Assange faces wait to find out whether he can challenge extradition to the US
Feb. 20, 2024, 3:59 PM ET (AP)
WikiLeaks founder Assange faces his last legal roll of the dice in Britain to avoid US extradition
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What is WikiLeaks?WikiLeaks is a media organization and website that functions as a clearinghouse for classified or otherwise privileged information.Who founded WikiLeaks?WikiLeaks was founded by Australian computer programmer and activist Julian Assange in 2006. Assange was inspired to create WikiLeaks by Daniel Ellsberg’s 1971 release of the Pentagon Papers.What was the first publication on WikiLeaks?The first document posted to the WikiLeaks website, in December 2006, was a message from a Somali rebel leader encouraging the use of hired gunmen to assassinate government officials. The document’s authenticity was never verified, but the story of WikiLeaks and questions regarding the ethics of its methods soon overshadowed it.WikiLeaks, media organization and website that functioned as a clearinghouse for classified or otherwise privileged information. WikiLeaks was founded in 2006 by Australian computer programmer and activist Julian Assange. From the founding of WikiLeaks to Climategate Assange, a noted computer hacker, pleaded guilty to a host of cybercrime charges in 1991, but, because of his youth, he received only minimal punishment. He was inspired to create WikiLeaks by Daniel Ellsberg’s 1971 release of the Pentagon Papers. Observing that two years had elapsed between Ellsberg’s obtaining the Pentagon Papers and their publication in The New York Times, Assange sought to streamline the whistleblowing process. In 2006 he created the basic design for the site on a computer in Australia, but wikileaks.org soon moved to servers in Sweden (later adding redundant systems in other countries) because of that country’s robust press-protection laws. Although WikiLeaks relied on volunteer labour for much of its daily operation, it deviated from the traditional “wiki” formula in that its content was not editable by end users. WikiLeaks received its first batch of sensitive documents not from a whistleblower but from The Onion Router (Tor), an encryption network designed to allow users to transmit data anonymously. A WikiLeaks volunteer mined the data emerging from Tor, eventually collecting more than a million documents and providing the site with its first scoop—a message from a Somali rebel leader encouraging the use of hired gunmen to assassinate government officials. It was posted to the site in December 2006. The document’s authenticity was never verified, but the story of WikiLeaks and questions regarding the ethics of its methods soon overshadowed it. In November 2007 the site posted the standard operating procedures for the U.S. military’s detention facility at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The following year the wikileaks.org site was briefly shut down as a result of legal action in the United States, but mirrors of the site, registered in Belgium (wikileaks.be), Germany (wikileaks.de), and the Christmas Islands (wikileaks.cx), were unaffected. It was not the site’s only legal challenge. After WikiLeaks published internal material from the Scientology movement in 2008, that group threatened suit on the grounds of copyright infringement. WikiLeaks responded by releasing thousands of Scientology documents. In 2009 the site made news when it released a cache of internal e-mails from East Anglia University’s Climatic Research Unit. Global warming skeptics seized on “Climategate” as proof of a conspiracy to silence debate on the subject or conceal data. A subsequent series of investigations found shortcomings in the peer review process but cleared the scientists of intentional wrongdoing.
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WikiLeaks and Chelsea Manning In 2010 WikiLeaks posted a flurry of documents—almost half a million in total—relating to the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. While much of the information was already in the public domain, the administration of U.S. Pres. Barack Obama criticized the leaks as a threat to U.S. national security. The site also made public an edited video, filmed in 2007 from the gun camera of a U.S. attack helicopter, that depicted the killing of a dozen people, including two Reuters employees. In November 2010 WikiLeaks released selections from a trove of some 250,000 classified diplomatic cables between the U.S. State Department and its embassies and consulates around the world. Those documents dated mostly from 2007 to 2010 but included some dating back as far as 1966. Among the wide-ranging topics covered in those secret documents were behind-the-scenes U.S. efforts to politically and economically isolate Iran, primarily in response to fears of Iran’s development of nuclear weapons. Chelsea ManningChelsea Manning, undated photo provided by the U.S. Army.(more)In the wake of those leaks, lawmakers in the United States pushed for the prosecution of Assange and any journalists or government insiders who had collaborated with WikiLeaks. The first formal charges were filed in May 2010, when Chelsea Manning, a low-level U.S. Army intelligence analyst, was arrested in connection with the release of the 2007 helicopter video. Investigators later accused Manning of the diplomatic cable leak as well. After a lengthy pretrial detention, Manning pleaded guilty to 10 charges. Military prosecutors pursued additional charges, and in July 2013 Manning was found guilty of numerous counts of espionage and theft. Although Manning was acquitted of aiding the enemy, the most serious of the charges, in August 2013 Manning was sentenced to 35 years in prison. In December 2010 wikileaks.org faced a flurry of setbacks. It was forced off-line once again when the site’s domain name provider terminated its account in the wake of a series of distributed denial-of-service attacks; as with previous service interruptions, WikiLeaks remained available on mirror sites or by directly linking to its IP address. Days later Assange was arrested by British police on an outstanding Swedish warrant for alleged sex crimes. That same week the organization’s fundraising efforts took an enormous hit when PayPal, Visa, and Mastercard suspended online payment processing for donations to WikiLeaks, a move that Assange characterized as a “financial blockade.” WikiLeaks began publishing another round of secret files from the Guantánamo Bay facility in April 2011. The documents contained detailed information about the majority of prisoners detained at Guantánamo from 2002 to 2008, including photographs, health records, and assessments of the potential threat posed by each prisoner. The files also indicated that dozens of detainees had passed through radicalized British mosques prior to their departure for Afghanistan and, ultimately, their capture by U.S. forces. In August 2011 the German newspapers Der Freitag and Der Spiegel uncovered a massive cache of unedited WikiLeaks documents in a password-protected file that was circulating on the Internet. The password was easily discovered, and the raw documents—the entirety of the U.S. diplomatic cable collection—could be viewed online. WikiLeaks responded to this revelation by posting more than 130,000 unedited cables onto its website. This was a radical departure from the organization’s previous methods, which involved redacting the names of sources or informants in the interest of preserving the safety of those individuals. Edward Snowden and the Sony Pictures hack Stating that the “blockade” enacted by financial companies in December 2010 had crippled WikiLeaks operations, in October 2011 Assange announced that the organization would stop publishing and focus its efforts on fundraising. During this time Assange remained under house arrest pending the resolution of his extradition hearing, and he began recording The World Tomorrow (later called The Julian Assange Show), an interview program that debuted on the state-run Russian satellite network RT in April 2012. With his extradition appeal having been denied and the Swedish arrest warrant pending, in June 2012 Assange applied for asylum in Ecuador and sought refuge in that country’s embassy in London. While Assange remained within the embassy, WikiLeaks resumed the publication of documents to its website. Among these were a massive collection of confidential e-mails from Syrian government officials and an overview of U.S. military detention policies. When National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden fled to Hong Kong, WikiLeaks staffers facilitated his travel to Moscow. They remained with Snowden during his monthlong stay in the international transit zone of a Moscow airport and assisted with his application for asylum in Russia. In July 2013 Assange launched the WikiLeaks Party and announced his candidacy for a seat in the Australian Senate. Promoting a platform of “transparency, accountability, and justice,” the party fielded a total of seven candidates in Senate races in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Western Australia. An interparty feud reduced the number of candidates to six prior to the September 7, 2013, general election, and, in that event, the WikiLeaks Party won less than 1 percent of the national vote. Although it failed to capture a single seat in the Senate, Assange, then in his second year of confinement within the Ecuadoran embassy, stated that the party would continue. In 2015 the party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission. In November 2014 Sony Pictures Entertainment was the target of a massive data breach, and a group calling itself the Guardians of Peace soon began releasing sensitive company information in small batches. The hack was eventually attributed to North Korea. The following April, WikiLeaks published more than 200,000 of the stolen documents in a searchable database, a move that was immediately criticized by Sony. WikiLeaks and its links to Russian intelligence In March 2016 WikiLeaks unveiled a searchable archive of some 30,000 e-mail messages and attachments retrieved from a private server maintained by Hillary Clinton during her tenure as U.S. secretary of state (2009–13). The collection was made public by the State Department through the Freedom of Information Act. In July 2016, just days before the Democratic Party officially nominated Clinton as its candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential race, WikiLeaks published more than 60,000 Democratic National Committee (DNC) e-mail messages and documents. The internal communication revealed that top DNC officials had a marked preference for Clinton over her rival for the Democratic nomination, Bernie Sanders, and DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Shultz resigned as a result. A probe by U.S. intelligence services and the Federal Bureau of Investigation later concluded that individuals with ties to the Russian government had hacked the DNC in an attempt to gain information that would bolster support for Republican Party presidential candidate Donald Trump. WikiLeaks had originally followed a policy of redacting personal or sensitive information from documents prior to release, but the DNC hack database contained credit card information as well as Social Security and passport numbers. Assange publicly declared his opposition to Clinton, but he denied any connection with Russia, although he made regular appearances on RT in the months prior to the November 2016 U.S. presidential election.
On October 7, 2016, a damaging video recording surfaced in which Trump boasted that his celebrity allowed him to grope women with impunity. Less than an hour later, WikiLeaks published a trove of e-mail messages from the personal account of Clinton campaign chair John Podesta. Investigators determined that access to Podesta’s Gmail account had been obtained via a spear-phishing attack carried out by Russian hackers. At that point, even people who had supported WikiLeaks began to criticize the organization for its lack of curation of leaked materials, its evolution into a de facto anti-Clinton research operation, and its role in an apparent cyberwar campaign orchestrated by Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin. After Trump’s victory, the U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence published a declassified summary of its findings, and it identified individuals within the GRU, Russia’s military intelligence service, that it believed were responsible for the hacking attacks on Podesta and the DNC. Assange continued to deny that WikiLeaks had received any material directly from the Russian government. Michael Ray
Wikileaks 為何遭到如此封殺？ - 知乎
Wikileaks 為何遭到如此封殺？ - 知乎首頁(yè)知乎知學(xué)堂發(fā)現(xiàn)等你來(lái)答?切換模式登錄/注冊(cè)朱利安·保羅·阿桑奇（Julian Paul Assange）維基解密Wikileaks 為何遭到如此封殺？從各國(guó)政府到 App Store，似乎人人皆誅之？顯示全部 ?關(guān)注者100被瀏覽40,849關(guān)注問(wèn)題?寫(xiě)回答?邀請(qǐng)回答?添加評(píng)論?分享?4 個(gè)回答默認(rèn)排序郭磊?法律話題下的優(yōu)秀答主? 關(guān)注 Wikileaks不再是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的泄密者，更接近于一個(gè)全球機(jī)密和內(nèi)幕信息（很多是缺少審核的）的集散與發(fā)布平臺(tái)，過(guò)去，一個(gè)單一情報(bào)被泄露造成的傷害，正在被無(wú)所畏懼，擁有極高全球關(guān)注度的Wikileaks，十倍、二十倍的加以放大。他們接受情報(bào)的種類(lèi)和渠道已經(jīng)超越了公共和外交層面，據(jù)悉他們手中掌握著一些令商業(yè)銀行和投資公司們感到難堪的信息。這意味著任何與它相關(guān)的大機(jī)構(gòu)，都有可能成為泄密的對(duì)象，甚至引火燒身。Wikileaks不是一匹脫韁的野馬，但那些試圖限制、絞殺它的勢(shì)力，實(shí)際上早就處于一種“脫韁”狀態(tài)了。 發(fā)布于 2010-12-26 16:35?贊同 72??2 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡收起?Gefrierend有文化的混混? 關(guān)注自從人類(lèi)穿上了衣服，就出現(xiàn)了另外一群人，他們有個(gè)有趣又合理的想法，“我想揭開(kāi)別人的底褲看一看”—阿桑奇。這自然引來(lái)了憤怒的反對(duì)—“我穿過(guò)那么多衣服，憑什么你只關(guān)心我的底褲？”“看什么！我的底褲是忠誠(chéng)的鮮紅！”“呸呸，自由的天藍(lán)色底褲才是正確！”“我穿的，是父輩的底褲！”“底褲下面是什么，你看看自己的不就知道了？”阿桑奇一脫褲子—“我沒(méi)穿底褲…”底褲的顏色、款式重要嗎？未必，不勒蛋就好。阿桑奇這種“流氓”有意義嗎？當(dāng)然！底褲要勤洗勤換，不然，你的根就爛掉了！發(fā)布于 2016-12-14 02:21?贊同 9??添加評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡收起??
維基解密（解密網(wǎng)站）_百度百科
（解密網(wǎng)站）_百度百科 網(wǎng)頁(yè)新聞貼吧知道網(wǎng)盤(pán)圖片視頻地圖文庫(kù)資訊采購(gòu)百科百度首頁(yè)登錄注冊(cè)進(jìn)入詞條全站搜索幫助首頁(yè)秒懂百科特色百科知識(shí)專(zhuān)題加入百科百科團(tuán)隊(duì)權(quán)威合作下載百科APP個(gè)人中心維基解密是一個(gè)多義詞，請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝辛x項(xiàng)上選擇瀏覽（共2個(gè)義項(xiàng)）添加義項(xiàng)收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10維基解密播報(bào)討論上傳視頻解密網(wǎng)站維基解密（又稱(chēng)維基泄密、維基揭秘 [1]；英語(yǔ)：WikiLeaks），是通過(guò)協(xié)助知情人讓組織、企業(yè)、政府在陽(yáng)光下運(yùn)作的、無(wú)國(guó)界、非盈利的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒體。朱利安·阿桑奇，一個(gè)澳大利亞互聯(lián)網(wǎng)積極分子，通常被視為維基解密的創(chuàng)建者、主編和總監(jiān)。Kristinn Hrafnsson Joseph Farrell and Sarah Harrison是其組織的其他成員中僅有的幾個(gè)被公眾獲知的與維基解密有關(guān)的人。Kristinn Hrafnsson 也和阿桑奇， Ingi Ragnar Ingason以及Gavin MacFadyen等人同為陽(yáng)光媒體產(chǎn)品部職員。這個(gè)國(guó)際性非營(yíng)利媒體組織，專(zhuān)門(mén)公開(kāi)來(lái)自匿名來(lái)源和網(wǎng)絡(luò)泄露的文件。網(wǎng)站成立于2006年12月，由陽(yáng)光媒體（The Sunshine Press）運(yùn)作。在成立一年后，網(wǎng)站宣稱(chēng)其文檔數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)成長(zhǎng)至逾120萬(wàn)份。維基解密大量發(fā)布機(jī)密文件的做法使其飽受爭(zhēng)議。支持者認(rèn)為維基解密捍衛(wèi)了民主和新聞自由，而反對(duì)者則認(rèn)為大量機(jī)密文件的泄露威脅了相關(guān)國(guó)家的國(guó)家安全，并影響國(guó)際外交。中文名維基解密外文名WikiLeaks別????名維基泄密、維基揭秘 [1]創(chuàng)始人朱利安·保羅·阿桑奇分????類(lèi)國(guó)際性非營(yíng)利媒體組織網(wǎng)站成立時(shí)間2006年12月目錄1官方簡(jiǎn)介2參與人員3首次公開(kāi)4網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)?服務(wù)器?解密困境?黑客支持?破產(chǎn)傳聞?經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源?網(wǎng)站隱秘?傳播方式5曝光內(nèi)容?公布線人?文件公開(kāi)6創(chuàng)始人7獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)8各國(guó)態(tài)度9相關(guān)質(zhì)疑10社會(huì)影響11其他相關(guān)12法律現(xiàn)狀官方簡(jiǎn)介播報(bào)編輯維基解密（Wikileaks）試圖成為大規(guī)模文檔解密與分析的不可追查和不被審查的來(lái)源。我們的主要興趣在于揭露那些仍然在亞洲、前蘇聯(lián)集團(tuán)、撒哈拉以南非洲與中東地區(qū)存在的暴政。同時(shí)，對(duì)于其他地區(qū)所有期望得到幫助的人，維基解密也是他們揭露政府和公司不道德行為的好地方。維基解密的目標(biāo)是發(fā)揮最大的政治影響力。維基解密使用與維基百科一樣易于使用的界面。已經(jīng)從持不同政見(jiàn)者社群和匿名消息源接受了超過(guò)120萬(wàn)份文檔。維基解密堅(jiān)信，政府活動(dòng)的透明度是減少腐敗、建設(shè)更好的政府與強(qiáng)大民主國(guó)家的關(guān)鍵。各國(guó)政府皆可從本國(guó)人民與世界人民的監(jiān)督中受益。維基解密還相信，監(jiān)督需要公開(kāi)的信息。歷史上，信息曾是代價(jià)昂貴的，人的生命和人權(quán)曾因此受到踐踏。但是，隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步 ,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，加密技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得傳達(dá)敏感信息的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低。維基解密所提供的泄漏文檔比任何傳媒或情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)提供的更能起到監(jiān)督作用。維基解密為全球社群堅(jiān)持不懈地研究任何文檔，以確認(rèn)其可信性、合理性、真實(shí)性和有效性提供了一個(gè)論壇。社區(qū)成員可以解讀泄露文檔，并向公眾進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕忉?。在具有里程碑意義的五角大樓檔案裁決中，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦最高法院判決道：“只有自由不受限制的媒體，才能有效揭露政府腐敗” 。我們同意這種說(shuō)法。我們認(rèn)為，保持一個(gè)政府誠(chéng)實(shí)不僅僅是該國(guó)人民的責(zé)任，對(duì)于其他國(guó)家的人民也有權(quán)利監(jiān)督別國(guó)政府。這就是為什么建立這樣一個(gè)全球性的匿名文檔揭露途徑的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)到來(lái)。 [4]參與人員播報(bào)編輯維基解密創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇(11張)維基解密曾宣稱(chēng)網(wǎng)站是由來(lái)自美國(guó)、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、歐洲、澳大利亞和南非的政治異見(jiàn)者、記者、數(shù)學(xué)家以及小型公司的技術(shù)人員所創(chuàng)立。包括《紐約客》（2010年6月7日）雜志在內(nèi)的多家媒體指出，澳洲籍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)人士朱利安·保羅·阿桑奇是網(wǎng)站的主導(dǎo)者。 Advisory Board（顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)）的成員包括有記者、受到政治迫害的代表者、反貪污分子、人權(quán)分子、律師、還有密碼學(xué)者。維基解密（Wikileaks） 目前有超過(guò)1,200位的人登記參與。除了分享資料之外，維基解密（Wikileaks） 需要更多能以組織形態(tài)參與的人。 [2]首次公開(kāi)播報(bào)編輯維基解密首次公開(kāi)出現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上是在2007年1月。當(dāng)時(shí)網(wǎng)站聲明該網(wǎng)站是“由來(lái)自美國(guó)、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、歐洲、澳大利亞和南非的政治異見(jiàn)者、記者、數(shù)學(xué)家以及公司技術(shù)人員所創(chuàng)立”。.維基解密每天接到約30份用戶(hù)匿名提交的文檔，一般他們會(huì)先經(jīng)過(guò)顧問(wèn)和志愿者團(tuán)隊(duì)的可信度審核后，以原始的、未經(jīng)編輯的形式把那些可信的材料貼出來(lái)，并附上評(píng)論。維基解密頁(yè)面維基解密網(wǎng)站托管在以堅(jiān)持客戶(hù)匿名著稱(chēng)的瑞典網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商，這家公司可以承受法律壓力和網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊。然后送到位于比利時(shí)的服務(wù)器上，再送到“另一個(gè)法律上較為友善的國(guó)家”，然后這些文件被刪除，轉(zhuǎn)存到其他地方。有一批匿名的工程師提供技術(shù)維護(hù)，整個(gè)流程和提交的文件都被加密，并使用經(jīng)過(guò)修改的Tor網(wǎng)絡(luò)匿名傳輸，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)即使核心成員也無(wú)法全部進(jìn)入。此外，維基解密還在系統(tǒng)中一直傳遞許多虛假的提交文件，以使真正的文件難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。該網(wǎng)站經(jīng)常披露一些揭露政府和企業(yè)腐敗行為的“內(nèi)部文件”。該網(wǎng)站聲稱(chēng)：在這里，檢舉人、新聞?dòng)浾吆筒┛涂梢越野l(fā)各種腐敗行為，而不用擔(dān)心雇主和政府的報(bào)復(fù)?！熬S基解密”網(wǎng)站成立于2006年，專(zhuān)門(mén)公布機(jī)密“內(nèi)部”文件，其宣稱(chēng)要揭發(fā)政府或企業(yè)的腐敗甚至是不法的內(nèi)幕，追求信息透明化?！熬S基解密”已卷入大約100場(chǎng)官司。網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)播報(bào)編輯服務(wù)器停止支持美國(guó)亞馬遜網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)公司1日突然宣布停止為維基揭秘網(wǎng)提供服務(wù)器支持，維基揭秘網(wǎng)的主頁(yè)一度無(wú)法登錄。美國(guó)媒體2日?qǐng)?bào)道稱(chēng)，維基揭秘網(wǎng)重新與瑞典最大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)供應(yīng)商BahnhofAB公司展開(kāi)了合作。維基解密機(jī)房(18張)為維基揭秘網(wǎng)提供服務(wù)器支持的主機(jī)位于瑞典一個(gè)被棄用的防空洞內(nèi)。該防空洞修建于冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，猶如諜戰(zhàn)大片中展示的一樣，它有著堅(jiān)固的鋼鐵大門(mén)，而且還能承受核攻擊，如今它被開(kāi)發(fā)成了一個(gè)地下數(shù)據(jù)中心。BahnhofAB公司總裁卡隆曾形容該防空洞是斯德哥爾摩民防工程的“心臟”。BahnhofAB公司此前也曾為維基揭秘網(wǎng)提供過(guò)服務(wù)器支持，但后來(lái)由于受到電腦黑客攻擊，維基揭秘網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)而與美國(guó)亞馬遜公司進(jìn)行合作?；謴?fù)訪問(wèn)維基解密（WikiLeaks）主站點(diǎn)在被域名解析服務(wù)提供商EveryDNS停止服務(wù)近10天后，2010年12月15日后已經(jīng)在美國(guó)恢復(fù)訪問(wèn)。英國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)控公司Netcraft稱(chēng)，維基解密由Silicon Valley Web Hosting提供主機(jī)服務(wù)，由Dynadot提供域名解析服務(wù)。據(jù)稱(chēng)，從上周五起，該網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)恢復(fù)運(yùn)行。Netcraft安全分析師保羅·穆頓（Paul Mutton）稱(chēng)，維基解密并不包含任何內(nèi)容，而是將用戶(hù)重新導(dǎo)向該網(wǎng)站位于俄羅斯的一個(gè)鏡像站點(diǎn)。盡管如此，鑒于維基解密在美國(guó)飽受攻擊，該網(wǎng)站在美國(guó)恢復(fù)訪問(wèn)仍令人感到驚奇。2010年12月3日，EveryDNS宣布，由于維基解密在公布美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院保密文件后，遭遇大規(guī)模的DDoS（分布式拒絕服務(wù)）攻擊，導(dǎo)致流量劇增，被迫停止向該網(wǎng)站提供域名解析服務(wù)，以免其他50萬(wàn)個(gè)使用EveryDNS服務(wù)的網(wǎng)站受到影響。在此之前，亞馬遜稱(chēng)維基解密違反了服務(wù)條款，不再向該網(wǎng)站提供主機(jī)服務(wù)。PayPal、萬(wàn)事達(dá)和Visa也以類(lèi)似理由先后凍結(jié)了該網(wǎng)站的賬戶(hù)。上述公司均表示，他們的行動(dòng)并非出于政府施壓。但是有人對(duì)此表示懷疑。美國(guó)參議院國(guó)土安全與政府事務(wù)委員會(huì)主席約瑟夫·李伯曼（Joseph Lieberman）稱(chēng)，在亞馬遜停止向維基解密提供服務(wù)前，該委員會(huì)曾與亞馬遜進(jìn)行溝通。為了應(yīng)對(duì)EveryDNS的行為，維基解密已在全球多個(gè)國(guó)家建立了超過(guò)1000個(gè)鏡像站點(diǎn)。為了防止DNS提供商停止提供域名解析服務(wù)，維基解密與包括瑞士、加拿大和馬來(lái)西亞在內(nèi)的8個(gè)國(guó)家的不同DNS提供商簽署服務(wù)合同。解密困境來(lái)源于媒體亞馬遜終止了與維基解密的服務(wù)器租賃合同，后者只好在歐洲地區(qū)租用服務(wù)器。根據(jù)最新的消息，維基解密服務(wù)器的新家位于瑞典一個(gè)名叫Pionen White的三防掩體之內(nèi)。維基解密賬戶(hù)被?？帧皵嗉Z” 支付商或迫于美國(guó)壓力美國(guó)拍賣(mài)網(wǎng)站EBay旗下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付處理商PayPal4日宣布，由于維基揭秘網(wǎng)站違反公司的服務(wù)政策，因此決定停止維基揭秘的賬戶(hù)和服務(wù)；這意味著維基揭秘將無(wú)法通過(guò)PayPal獲得資金。PayPal發(fā)言人表示，由于美國(guó)政府宣布維基揭秘的行為觸犯了法律，公司因此決定停止維基揭秘的賬戶(hù)和匯款服務(wù)。該發(fā)言人表示，PayPal并沒(méi)有與任何政府機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行過(guò)接洽，是獨(dú)立做出上述決定的。而據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道，維基揭秘在微博網(wǎng)站推特上指責(zé)PayPal在“美國(guó)政府壓力”下做出這一決定。美聯(lián)社報(bào)道說(shuō)，經(jīng)測(cè)試證實(shí)4日開(kāi)始已無(wú)法通過(guò)這個(gè)帳戶(hù)向維基揭秘網(wǎng)站捐錢(qián)。這個(gè)帳戶(hù)據(jù)信是維基揭秘獲得資助的最保險(xiǎn)可靠的渠道。它的背后是德國(guó)一個(gè)以一位知名黑客名字命名的基金會(huì)。如今這一渠道關(guān)閉之后，維基揭秘面臨“斷糧”的危險(xiǎn)。黑客支持黑客發(fā)起攻擊2010年12月10日消息，維基解密風(fēng)波掀起全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)，有黑客組織聲稱(chēng)召集了四千名精英，攻擊針對(duì)維基解密的機(jī)構(gòu)。一個(gè)名叫“匿名者”的黑客組織，透過(guò)即時(shí)通訊工具Twitter召集四千名同路人，為維基解密發(fā)動(dòng)"償還行動(dòng)"，指示大家前往一個(gè)網(wǎng)址，下載一種設(shè)計(jì)精密的攻擊軟件，作為參與這場(chǎng)網(wǎng)戰(zhàn)的武器。到目前為止，有多個(gè)網(wǎng)站受到攻擊，包括對(duì)維基解密創(chuàng)辦人阿桑奇提出指控的瑞典檢控方、拒絕向維基解密提供匯款服務(wù)的萬(wàn)事達(dá)和Visa信用卡公司，另外，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)付款公司Paypal，早前也因停止為維基解密提供服務(wù)，而遭受黑客攻擊。越來(lái)越多的與維基解密及被拘留的創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇（Julian Assange）發(fā)生糾葛的組織和個(gè)人遭到在線攻擊，這似乎是為該網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)的黑客所為。周三攻擊加劇，此前一天阿桑奇在倫敦被捕，并被拒絕保釋?zhuān)@與他在瑞典遭到的不正當(dāng)性行為指控相關(guān)。包括萬(wàn)事達(dá)信用卡（MasterCard Inc.）、Visa信用卡（Visa Inc.）和瑞典檢察官辦公室在內(nèi)的一系列組織都報(bào)告自己的網(wǎng)站出現(xiàn)技術(shù)問(wèn)題，似乎是遭到所謂拒絕服務(wù)攻擊，即瀏覽量突然激增，使電腦不能顯示網(wǎng)頁(yè)。遭襲網(wǎng)站升級(jí)2010年12月12日消息，據(jù)國(guó)外媒體報(bào)道，PayPal、Visa等曾遭維基解密支持者襲擊的各大網(wǎng)站已開(kāi)始升級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)防衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)，以應(yīng)對(duì)類(lèi)似黑客襲擊事件。PayPal安全部主任接受外媒采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，我們已加強(qiáng)了反黑客的應(yīng)對(duì)措施，網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)可以從一個(gè)網(wǎng)站轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，PayPal的網(wǎng)站雖然受到一定影響，速度稍慢，但是并沒(méi)有完全崩潰。而萬(wàn)事達(dá)（MasterCard Inc.）網(wǎng)站和Visa表示被襲擊的網(wǎng)站上并沒(méi)有公司業(yè)務(wù)，只有電子宣傳冊(cè)等文件，重要的客戶(hù)信息和業(yè)務(wù)程序并沒(méi)有受到影響。據(jù)PayPal安全部門(mén)主任邁克爾?巴雷特（Michael Barrett）介紹，被黑客襲擊的事實(shí)給他們提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題：公司是否充分利用了可用資源來(lái)預(yù)防類(lèi)似事件。為此他們加強(qiáng)了防御系統(tǒng)：PayPal網(wǎng)站上添加了另外一種備用付款模式；首頁(yè)顯示每分鐘完成的交易數(shù)量和通信量等信息，該部分信息由20個(gè)工作站負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控；加強(qiáng)了容易受到攻擊的防御層硬件；PayPal的信息安全工作是以前是全球?yàn)榛A(chǔ)，現(xiàn)將世界各部門(mén)的分工明確化；在客戶(hù)終端方面加強(qiáng)防護(hù)軟件和硬件，效果顯著，但是仍存在安裝繁瑣等問(wèn)題需要進(jìn)一步研究。據(jù)悉，雖然黑客襲擊仍在繼續(xù)，但正在運(yùn)行的新增防御功能已經(jīng)發(fā)揮作用，成功的攔截了干擾通信，PayPal網(wǎng)站上顯示的數(shù)據(jù)表格已經(jīng)恢復(fù)到正常水平。另外FBI已經(jīng)介入此事調(diào)查.簽名支持阿桑奇2010年12月14日消息，“維基解密”網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇即將在倫敦二次出庭受審，日前，全球約60萬(wàn)維基解密網(wǎng)站支持者在網(wǎng)上簽名請(qǐng)?jiān)?，希望倫敦法院不要打擊阿桑奇及其合作者? 這項(xiàng)請(qǐng)?jiān)感袆?dòng)是由全球采取行動(dòng)組織Avaaz面向全球發(fā)起的，目的是向倫敦法院及有關(guān)方面請(qǐng)?jiān)?，“立即停止打擊‘維基解密’，不要懲罰阿桑奇及其合作者”，“尊重信息自由、新聞自由”。截至格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間13日下午4時(shí)，已經(jīng)有59.4萬(wàn)人在這份網(wǎng)上請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)上簽名,估計(jì)截止到13日16時(shí)簽名者人數(shù)早已突破60萬(wàn)。阿桑奇即將于15日下午在威斯敏斯特地方法院第二次出庭，屆時(shí)律師將陪伴他一同出庭，并再次向法庭申請(qǐng)保釋。據(jù)悉，阿桑奇的不少支持者已經(jīng)計(jì)劃在其出庭時(shí)守候在法院外，以抗議對(duì)其的持續(xù)拘押?！熬S基解密”網(wǎng)站因?yàn)榕读藬?shù)十萬(wàn)份美國(guó)外交密電使華盛頓陷入尷尬境地，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬譴責(zé)“維基解密”的做法“糟糕、悲哀”。因泄密文件中涉及全球多個(gè)國(guó)家的政治密事，該網(wǎng)站在多國(guó)遭到封殺。不過(guò)“維基解密”也想出了各種辦法逃過(guò)封殺，仍在穩(wěn)定運(yùn)營(yíng)中。破產(chǎn)傳聞2011年10月25日，根據(jù)《每日郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，美國(guó)維基解密網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)始人朱利安·阿桑奇（Julian Assange）日前警告稱(chēng)，由于受到美國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)封殺”，維基解密網(wǎng)站可能于年底破產(chǎn)。阿桑奇說(shuō)，維基解密網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)停止公布信息，正集中全力籌集網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)的資金。他將維基解密網(wǎng)站遭遇的困境歸咎于美國(guó)銀行、萬(wàn)事達(dá)、 Visa、PayPal以及西方各國(guó)的聯(lián)合“非法經(jīng)濟(jì)封殺”。這種封殺導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)站在過(guò)去11個(gè)月中，損失了95%的捐贈(zèng)收入。阿桑奇說(shuō)：“我們現(xiàn)在必須集中所有資源對(duì)抗銀行封鎖。如果這種金融攻擊行為沒(méi)人阻止，它將成為一種危險(xiǎn)而不民主行為的先例。以后任何與強(qiáng)大的金融公司或其政治盟友發(fā)生沖突的組織，都可能遭到這種司法程序之外的懲罰。如果公布有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)真相的行為引發(fā)華盛頓圈內(nèi)人的攻擊，那么所有發(fā)布維基解密網(wǎng)站提供的材料的媒體都面臨著遭封鎖的處境?！卑⑸Ｆ嬲f(shuō)，如果這種經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖繼續(xù)下去，維基解密網(wǎng)站恐怕無(wú)法維持到2012年。維基解密網(wǎng)站的律師已經(jīng)在英、美、丹麥、比利時(shí)、冰島以及澳大利亞開(kāi)始訴前行動(dòng)，他們也希望歐盟競(jìng)爭(zhēng)委員會(huì)（European Competition Authority）公開(kāi)調(diào)查Visa以及萬(wàn)事達(dá)等公司的錯(cuò)誤行為。 [10]經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源維基解密的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本并不高，主要用于打官司和服務(wù)器。據(jù)官方視頻介紹每年有100萬(wàn)用于打官司，服務(wù)器維護(hù)20萬(wàn)。但每年由于賬戶(hù)被凍結(jié)等原因造成的損失則多達(dá)驚人的1500萬(wàn)。而其主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源是志愿者和團(tuán)體的的捐助以及團(tuán)隊(duì)成員自掏腰包。網(wǎng)站隱秘該網(wǎng)站自打運(yùn)營(yíng)以來(lái)，就讓不少?lài)?guó)家的政府和企業(yè)頭痛不已?！熬S基解密”雖然致力于揭露機(jī)密，但它自己卻“深藏不露”：該網(wǎng)站沒(méi)有公布自己的辦公地址和電話號(hào)碼，也沒(méi)列舉該網(wǎng)站的主要運(yùn)營(yíng)者的姓名，甚至連辦公郵箱都沒(méi)留。外界既不知道它的總部在哪，更不知雇員是哪些人。美國(guó)情報(bào)部門(mén)曾懷疑朱利安·阿桑奇的“維基泄密”是受“國(guó)際七三學(xué)社”指使，朱利安·阿桑奇似乎參與了2012年白宮泄密事件，但此猜測(cè)遭到“國(guó)際七三學(xué)社”總部否認(rèn)。“維基解密”沒(méi)有總部或傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，該網(wǎng)站依靠服務(wù)器和數(shù)十個(gè)國(guó)家的支持者做了很多事情。它的創(chuàng)始者說(shuō)，那些上傳材料的人也都是匿名。由于它本身具有秘密特征，“維基解密”相對(duì)而言很少受到審查者、律師或地方政府的壓力。這個(gè)全球性的“泄密機(jī)器”也不受傳統(tǒng)的新聞倫理以及平衡報(bào)道原則的限制。該網(wǎng)站的運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用據(jù)說(shuō)每年為30萬(wàn)美元，其中絕大部分用于支付服務(wù)器和技術(shù)支持的費(fèi)用。借助于本身的超高人氣，該網(wǎng)站正想方設(shè)法吸引新的捐助者以及基金會(huì)的支持。 [2]傳播方式用戶(hù)可以通過(guò)表單匿名上傳材料，然后“維基解密”給予核實(shí)。作為給嵌入表單的回報(bào)，這些網(wǎng)站將得到經(jīng)過(guò)核實(shí)的保密文檔，并首發(fā)報(bào)道?！熬S基解密”可以在自己的網(wǎng)站上轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)這些新聞故事，并自由傳播。截止到2009年“維基解密”提供三種文檔提交方式：上傳到網(wǎng)站，email和郵件。截止到2009年10月末，該機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)布了120多萬(wàn)份文檔?！熬S基解密”稱(chēng)此舉很可能會(huì)改善調(diào)查性報(bào)道的質(zhì)量，減少政府腐敗，重建企業(yè)倫理文化。曝光內(nèi)容播報(bào)編輯公布線人維基解密網(wǎng)站公布上千名線人身份遭媒體譴責(zé)2011年9月2日，沉寂了半年多的維基解密網(wǎng)站因公布約13.4萬(wàn)份美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院外交電報(bào)而再次成為世人關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。與以往不同的是，這次公布的電報(bào)均未經(jīng)編輯，眾多秘密消息源的姓名全部遭曝光。2010年年底，維基解密網(wǎng)站曾向《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》以及其他一些媒體提供了251287份美國(guó)250多個(gè)駐外大使館和領(lǐng)事館與美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院互發(fā)的秘密電報(bào)，這些媒體在進(jìn)行公開(kāi)報(bào)道時(shí)，刪除了被認(rèn)為可能遭到報(bào)復(fù)的消息源的人名。2011年9月15日，維基解密網(wǎng)站提出要原封不動(dòng)地公開(kāi)所有電報(bào)內(nèi)容，被合作媒體拒絕，于是從8月30日開(kāi)始，維基解密在短短幾天內(nèi)就在其網(wǎng)站公開(kāi)了約13.4萬(wàn)份未經(jīng)處理的電報(bào)。這些電報(bào)大多是美國(guó)駐各國(guó)大使、參贊等外交官發(fā)給美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院的最新情況匯報(bào)。英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》透露，新解密的電報(bào)中至少公開(kāi)了1000名“線人”的真實(shí)身份或他們的代號(hào)，令這些人處于極其危險(xiǎn)的境地。對(duì)于維基解密的一意孤行，英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》、法國(guó)《世界報(bào)》、西班牙《國(guó)家報(bào)》和德國(guó)《明鏡周刊》這五家曾刊登維基解密外交密電的媒體聯(lián)合予以譴責(zé)。2011年9月2日，《衛(wèi)報(bào)》發(fā)表了這份譴責(zé)聲明。聲明說(shuō)，對(duì)維基解密公布未經(jīng)處理的美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院電報(bào)的行為他們深感痛惜，他們之前與網(wǎng)站的合作是基于保護(hù)消息源原則的。 [11]文件公開(kāi)2006年12月，維基解密發(fā)布了它創(chuàng)建以來(lái)的第一份文件，由索馬里反對(duì)派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人謝赫·哈?！み_(dá)赫·阿威斯簽署的一份“秘密文件”，聲稱(chēng)將對(duì)政府官員處以死刑，因?yàn)樗麄児蛡颉白锓浮眮?lái)襲擊他人。這份文件是在中國(guó)黑客通過(guò)Tor網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送的信息中找到的。阿桑奇聲稱(chēng)他們一般都會(huì)在文件公開(kāi)前盡可能通知文件中涉及到的人物，但是難免還是會(huì)造成一些傷害。泄露美軍機(jī)密文件2010年3月，據(jù)報(bào)有一份由美國(guó)軍方反諜報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)在2008年制作的軍方機(jī)密報(bào)告稱(chēng)，WikiLeaks網(wǎng)站的行為已經(jīng)對(duì)美國(guó)軍方機(jī)構(gòu)的“情報(bào)安全和運(yùn)作安全”構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的威脅。這份機(jī)密報(bào)告稱(chēng)，該網(wǎng)站上泄漏的一些機(jī)密可能會(huì)“影響到美國(guó)軍方在國(guó)內(nèi)和海外的運(yùn)作安全?！痹搱?bào)告是在3月15日被泄露到了網(wǎng)上。2010年4月，WikiLeaks發(fā)放了美軍在2007年于巴格達(dá)濫殺平民的片段。2010年7月25日，WikiLeaks通過(guò)英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、德國(guó)《明鏡》和美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》公布了92000份美軍有關(guān)阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的軍事機(jī)密文件。2010年8月25日，WikiLeaks再度發(fā)表一份美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局的分析備忘錄，里面主要是述及“如果恐怖分子號(hào)召美國(guó)公民在美國(guó)組織攻擊活動(dòng)并作為攻擊基地，會(huì)有何相關(guān)影響”作分析。2010年10月23日，WikiLeaks公布了391,832份美軍關(guān)于伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)密文件。泄露美國(guó)外交電報(bào)2010年11月28日，維基解密網(wǎng)站泄露了25萬(wàn)份美國(guó)駐外使館發(fā)給美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院的秘密文傳電報(bào)。內(nèi)容包括中東、伊朗、朝鮮半島問(wèn)題、中國(guó)官方黑客入侵事件和美國(guó)外交官員對(duì)一些國(guó)家元首的直白評(píng)價(jià)等。2010年11月29日，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》引述WikiLeaks公布的機(jī)密文件指出，美國(guó)認(rèn)為Google于2010年1月表示遭受網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊是來(lái)自中國(guó)，該遭駭事件是中國(guó)官方操作，使得Google在2010年3月22日宣布，中文搜索服務(wù)從中國(guó)大陸移轉(zhuǎn)到香港，并揚(yáng)言退出中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。重要的泄密英國(guó)《每日電訊報(bào)》2010年7月26日梳理了“維基解密”近幾年來(lái)所泄露的幾大秘密。 [12]1.美軍襲擊伊平民視頻 該視頻顯示，駐伊美軍在直升機(jī)上朝人群開(kāi)火，造成包括2名路透社記者在內(nèi)的15人死亡。2.關(guān)塔那摩監(jiān)獄手冊(cè)（2007年） 該手冊(cè)內(nèi)容顯示，監(jiān)獄管理士兵有權(quán)阻止紅十字會(huì)工作人員探視囚犯。表現(xiàn)良好的在押人員可獲得一卷手紙。3.氣候?qū)W家擅自更改數(shù)據(jù)（2009） 超過(guò)1000封英格蘭東安格利亞大學(xué)氣候研究所的郵件內(nèi)容顯示，氣候?qū)W家擅自更改氣候數(shù)據(jù)，以證明全球氣候變暖主要是由人類(lèi)活動(dòng)造成的。4.佩林私人郵件賬號(hào)（2008年）5.50萬(wàn)條9·11短信（2009年）6.極右政黨“英國(guó)國(guó)家黨”的匿名成員名單（2009年下半年）7.數(shù)十萬(wàn)份與阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有關(guān)的文件（2010年初）維基解密曝必和必拓“攪黃”力拓與中鋁合作維基解密的一份絕密美國(guó)外交電報(bào)內(nèi)文顯示，澳大利亞財(cái)長(zhǎng)史旺（WayneSwan）的辦公室主任曾告知大使館官員，稱(chēng)必和必拓公司曾精心部署了一次破壞它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手力拓公司與中國(guó)國(guó)企中鋁公司的一份價(jià)值不菲的合約，可謂技高一籌。必和必拓稱(chēng)對(duì)上述市場(chǎng)傳言不作評(píng)論。阿拉伯國(guó)家高官為美國(guó)當(dāng)間諜阿桑奇在專(zhuān)訪中宣稱(chēng)，大量在阿拉伯國(guó)家擔(dān)任要職的高官與美國(guó)情報(bào)局CIA有密切的接觸，他們經(jīng)常訪問(wèn)美國(guó)在這些國(guó)家的使館。他說(shuō)，“這些重要官員是美國(guó)在這些國(guó)家的間諜”，不過(guò)，阿桑奇沒(méi)有公布這些人的名字。公布美國(guó)新監(jiān)控項(xiàng)目受害國(guó)名字“維基解密”網(wǎng)站2014年5月20日宣布，將公開(kāi)美國(guó)國(guó)安局新監(jiān)控項(xiàng)目中受監(jiān)控國(guó)的名字。此前，美國(guó)政府試圖壓制這一消息的發(fā)布。美國(guó)新聞網(wǎng)站TheIntercept19日刊文稱(chēng)，基于斯諾登的泄密材料，相信國(guó)安局一直暗中實(shí)施一項(xiàng)新的監(jiān)控計(jì)劃，旨在大量截取兩個(gè)海外國(guó)家的通信信息，并記錄下所有通話內(nèi)容。該網(wǎng)站只公布了其中一個(gè)受害國(guó)名字——巴哈馬，稱(chēng)美竊聽(tīng)該國(guó)的全部通話記錄，受害國(guó)民達(dá)250萬(wàn)人次。該網(wǎng)站稱(chēng)，公布另一受害國(guó)名字或?qū)?dǎo)致“暴力沖突升級(jí)”，因此不予公開(kāi)。 [13]伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)錄2010年4月，維基解密在一個(gè)名為“平行謀殺”（Collateral Murder）的網(wǎng)站上公開(kāi)了2007年巴格達(dá)空襲時(shí)，伊拉克平民遭美國(guó)軍方殺害的影片，同年7月，維基解密再發(fā)表阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)日記，內(nèi)容包含超過(guò)76,900份關(guān)于阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的文檔，在此之前這些文檔都不曾對(duì)大眾公開(kāi)。同年10月，維基解密和主要商業(yè)媒體公司合作，又公開(kāi)了超過(guò)400,000份文檔，稱(chēng)為伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)錄。棱鏡門(mén)泄密事件在斯諾登披露安全局監(jiān)控美國(guó)和外國(guó)公民電子通信的絕密計(jì)劃"棱鏡"之后，維基解密開(kāi)始與斯諾登合作。 [5]“維基解密”網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)始人朱利安·阿桑奇2013年6月22 日發(fā)表聲明，呼吁國(guó)際社會(huì)向愛(ài)德華·斯諾登提供支持。根據(jù)“維基解密”的聲明，阿桑奇指責(zé)奧巴馬違背了其建立透明政府的承諾，背叛了以斯諾登和布拉德利·曼寧為代表的有技術(shù)頭腦的年輕一代，是真正的“叛國(guó)者”。曼寧先前任駐伊拉克美軍陸軍情報(bào)分析員，2010 年 5 月遭拘押。美國(guó)檢察部門(mén)指控他從軍用網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)竊取機(jī)密文件并提供給“維基解密”。 [6]“棱鏡門(mén)”事件揭秘者斯諾登2013年7月1日通過(guò)“維基解密”網(wǎng)站發(fā)表聲明， 抨擊美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬和美國(guó)政府，并威脅向外界披露更多機(jī)密。 [7]阿桑奇在接受美國(guó)廣播公司ABC采訪時(shí)聲明說(shuō)，無(wú)論美中情局前雇員斯諾登出逃的結(jié)局如何，將繼續(xù)公布有關(guān)美國(guó)特工部門(mén)國(guó)家安全局的機(jī)密文件。 [5]據(jù)美國(guó)?？怂剐侣劸W(wǎng)2013年7月1日?qǐng)?bào)道，維基解密網(wǎng)站披露，美國(guó)“棱鏡門(mén)”事件泄密者愛(ài)德華·斯諾登（Edward Snowden）在向厄瓜多爾和冰島申請(qǐng)庇護(hù)后，又向19個(gè)國(guó)家尋求庇護(hù)。根據(jù)維基解密網(wǎng)站曝光的名單，這19個(gè)國(guó)家包括奧地利、玻利維亞、巴西、中國(guó)、古巴、芬蘭、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、印度、意大利、愛(ài)爾蘭、荷蘭、尼加拉瓜、挪威、波蘭、俄羅斯、西班牙、瑞士、委內(nèi)瑞拉。 [8]當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2021年1月4日，英國(guó)倫敦一家地方法院法官將就是否同意美國(guó)政府引渡“維基解密”網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)始人朱利安·阿桑奇案，作出裁決。 [9]曝陳水扁曝陳水扁金援巴拿馬4500萬(wàn)美元 不曾查核巴拿馬《新聞報(bào)》（La Prensa）根據(jù)維基解密的美國(guó)駐巴拿馬大使館機(jī)密電文，2011年5月22日在頭版及內(nèi)頁(yè)報(bào)道，陳水扁指定將捐款交給巴國(guó)前總統(tǒng)莫斯科索的白手套“南?；饡?huì)”，且不曾進(jìn)行查核。 據(jù)臺(tái)灣《中國(guó)時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，該報(bào)道引述臺(tái)灣“駐巴外交人員”稱(chēng)，1999年至2008年任總統(tǒng)的莫斯科索曾向他們施壓索賄，直到他們屈服為止。莫斯科索說(shuō)訪臺(tái)時(shí)，陳水扁問(wèn)她臺(tái)灣可以幫助哪些工程。斯科索提出更新圣托瑪斯醫(yī)院、新建外交部大廈等計(jì)劃。陳水扁同意全數(shù)援贈(zèng)，但必須透過(guò)一個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)并不存在的私人基金會(huì)來(lái)收受款項(xiàng)。電文指當(dāng)時(shí)“臺(tái)灣大使”胡正堯向美方說(shuō)，臺(tái)灣并沒(méi)有規(guī)定捐款必須經(jīng)由私人基金會(huì)收受。但據(jù)了解，胡正堯不僅同意向基金會(huì)撥付巨款，新當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)杜里荷斯就職前還提醒“臺(tái)灣大使館”，停止向“南?；饡?huì)”撥付數(shù)十萬(wàn)美元款項(xiàng)，而胡正堯并未接受。杜里荷斯就任后透過(guò)多米尼加總統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)告臺(tái)北，限令胡正堯在十日內(nèi)離職，否則將宣布“斷交”。該報(bào)第五版以“臺(tái)灣不誠(chéng)實(shí)的捐款”為題的報(bào)道，引述前公使阿瑞卡說(shuō)：“幾百萬(wàn)臺(tái)灣捐贈(zèng)給巴拿馬的錢(qián)，被前總統(tǒng)和她的姊姊（前第一夫人）魯比。莫斯科索中飽私囊，其中一部分蓋了空置的‘長(zhǎng)嘴鳥(niǎo)博物館’，而這些款項(xiàng)原是要用做社會(huì)福利?！迸_(tái)灣的捐款在“南?；饡?huì)Mar del Sur”曝光后引爆丑聞，這個(gè)私人基金會(huì)的董事幾乎都是莫斯科索的親信，這些人挪用了臺(tái)灣原來(lái)要捐給慈善工作的4500萬(wàn)美元，總審計(jì)部也無(wú)權(quán)監(jiān)督。創(chuàng)始人播報(bào)編輯朱利安·阿桑奇維基解密創(chuàng)始人是朱利安·保羅·阿桑奇（Julian Paul Assange）。1971年出生于澳大利亞昆士蘭。2006年，朱利安決定創(chuàng)建“維基解密”，在他看來(lái)，信息的透明和自由交流會(huì)有效的阻止非法治理。2019年4月11日，厄瓜多爾撤銷(xiāo)了對(duì)“維基解密”創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇的政治庇護(hù)，英國(guó)警方隨后逮捕了阿桑奇。以后將被引渡到美國(guó)。 [3]獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)播報(bào)編輯維基解密曾獲得數(shù)個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，包括2008年的《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》雜志“新媒體獎(jiǎng)”。維基解密在2008年發(fā)表了《肯尼亞：鮮血的哭泣 - 司法審判之外的殺戮和失蹤》（Kenya: The Cry of Blood – Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances）文件，這篇由肯尼亞國(guó)際人權(quán)協(xié)會(huì)所發(fā)表之關(guān)于肯尼亞警察濫殺的報(bào)道，在2009年6月獲得了國(guó)際特赦組織所頒發(fā)的英國(guó)媒體獎(jiǎng)（“新媒體”類(lèi)型）。在2010年5月，《紐約每日新聞報(bào)》將WikiLeaks列為“徹底改變新聞界的網(wǎng)站”中的第一名。各國(guó)態(tài)度播報(bào)編輯美國(guó)在2010年泄露美國(guó)外交電報(bào)時(shí)，維基解密網(wǎng)站每天持續(xù)受到DDoS攻擊，維基解密官方推特聲稱(chēng)這些攻擊是由美國(guó)政府主導(dǎo)。維基解密網(wǎng)站所利用的亞馬遜（Amazon）網(wǎng)站托管服務(wù)、PayPal轉(zhuǎn)帳服務(wù)皆被關(guān)閉或終止，EveryDNS也終止了“”的域名服務(wù)。美國(guó)同時(shí)禁止聯(lián)邦政府雇員與特約員工閱讀維基解密披露的文件，并通知部分大學(xué)生不要散播機(jī)密。中華人民共和國(guó)外交部敦促美國(guó)解決泄密問(wèn)題。俄羅斯維基解密曾威脅準(zhǔn)備公布關(guān)于俄羅斯的秘密，但俄羅斯對(duì)外情報(bào)局官員發(fā)出強(qiáng)硬聲明稱(chēng)，維基解密網(wǎng)站如果披露俄羅斯機(jī)密，將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)消失。 [14]相關(guān)質(zhì)疑播報(bào)編輯“9·11”恐怖襲擊事件手機(jī)短信2009年11月26日，臺(tái)灣“中廣新聞網(wǎng)”報(bào)道，維基解密公布了逾50萬(wàn)條美國(guó)民眾在“9·11”恐怖襲擊事件當(dāng)天發(fā)送出去的手機(jī)短信，其中包括美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府以及地方官員的短信。不過(guò)，絕大多數(shù)短信都來(lái)自民眾，其中許多人的親友在世貿(mào)大樓或附近工作，恐怖襲擊發(fā)生后，他們紛紛發(fā)短信詢(xún)問(wèn)親人的安危。維基解密秘密工作地點(diǎn)維基解密表示，這批短信是匿名人士提供的。紐約警方和消防單位表示，無(wú)法證實(shí)911當(dāng)天他們的內(nèi)部通訊是否曾遭到攔截。美國(guó)電話公司認(rèn)為，如果手機(jī)短信真的被攔截，那么是何人要這樣做、怎么做到的、并為何選擇將其公布在網(wǎng)站上，其動(dòng)機(jī)不得不讓人懷疑。標(biāo)榜反腐敗 常曝內(nèi)部文件阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一家非官方的國(guó)際解密網(wǎng)站公布了大量與駐阿富汗美軍行動(dòng)計(jì)劃有關(guān)的秘密文件，其中包括未公開(kāi)的阿富汗平民死亡數(shù)字及塔利班獲得的高性能武器等許多方面的細(xì)節(jié)。美國(guó)政府對(duì)此作出反應(yīng)，表達(dá)“憤怒”和譴責(zé)，稱(chēng)這一做法將給美國(guó)的國(guó)家安全帶來(lái)重大影響。美國(guó)“維基解密”網(wǎng)站于2010年7月25日公布了大約9.2萬(wàn)份美軍在阿富汗行動(dòng)的秘密文件?！熬S基解密”說(shuō)，為把危害減少到最低限度，它決定推遲公布另外大約1.5萬(wàn)份文件。這一事件被形容為是美軍歷史上最大的一次泄密事件，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論是涉及到的文件之?dāng)?shù)量，還是文件所產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重影響，都是有史以來(lái)極為罕見(jiàn)的。英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和德國(guó)《明鏡周刊》于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間25晚同時(shí)刊登了“維基解密”所提供的涉密文件。“維基解密”此次披露文件所覆蓋的時(shí)間從2004年1月至2009年12月，內(nèi)容幾乎覆蓋了自塔利班政權(quán)被推翻以來(lái)的整個(gè)阿富汗戰(zhàn)事，其中許多內(nèi)容并沒(méi)有過(guò)時(shí)。這些被“維基解密”組織所泄露出來(lái)的秘密文件顯示，北約和美國(guó)方面一直擔(dān)心和懷疑阿富汗反叛武裝組織得到了鄰國(guó)巴基斯坦和伊朗暗中的支持，并認(rèn)定巴基斯坦情報(bào)部門(mén)表面上配合聯(lián)軍，暗中卻支持阿富汗叛軍對(duì)付聯(lián)軍，甚至披露了巴情報(bào)高官于2008年曾秘密會(huì)晤塔利班人員，密謀暗殺阿富汗總統(tǒng)卡爾扎伊；同時(shí)表明塔利班已經(jīng)擁有具有熱能跟蹤的便攜式地對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈，而這一消息迄今并沒(méi)有公開(kāi)，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)影響到駐阿聯(lián)軍的士氣。此外，文件還顯示：美國(guó)陸海軍組成了一支特別部隊(duì)，即“373特遣部隊(duì)”，專(zhuān)門(mén)在阿富汗等地開(kāi)展抓捕和暗殺塔利班頭目及其組織首腦的行動(dòng)，美軍規(guī)定“373特遣部隊(duì)”的士兵們可以不經(jīng)請(qǐng)示、不經(jīng)審判就地?fù)魯滥切┙M織頭目。與此同時(shí)，文件還披露了在一些塔利班路邊炸彈攻擊事件和美軍攻擊行動(dòng)失誤中喪生的阿富汗平民的數(shù)字，這些數(shù)字此前也一直沒(méi)有被公開(kāi)過(guò)，文件里甚至還有誤殺阿富汗平民的過(guò)程描述，比如射殺平民車(chē)輛、襲擊婚禮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)等。反應(yīng)：美國(guó)政府強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)上述文件在網(wǎng)站曝光之后，美國(guó)官方立即作出了強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。白宮譴責(zé)這一事件為“極不負(fù)責(zé)任之舉”。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全事務(wù)顧問(wèn)瓊斯說(shuō)，這些文件泄密“可能會(huì)給美軍及其盟軍士兵的生命構(gòu)成威脅并危及美國(guó)的國(guó)家安全”。但瓊斯同時(shí)表示，“這起不負(fù)責(zé)任的泄露行為，將不會(huì)影響我們加深與阿富汗和巴基斯坦伙伴關(guān)系、打擊共同敵人的承諾，并繼續(xù)支持阿富汗和巴基斯坦兩國(guó)人民的意愿?！鄙鐣?huì)影響播報(bào)編輯阿巴政府嚴(yán)重不安“維基解密”還披露了阿富汗政府試圖與塔利班激進(jìn)分子和解的內(nèi)幕。自從2010年1月的阿富汗問(wèn)題國(guó)際會(huì)議結(jié)束以來(lái)，卡爾扎伊總統(tǒng)一直在積極落實(shí)一個(gè)計(jì)劃，也就是重新接納那些放下武器、支持憲法并切斷同國(guó)際恐怖組織聯(lián)系的激進(jìn)分子，同他們和解。巴基斯坦官員長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直表示支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃，甚至還提出，由于在20多年前蘇聯(lián)占領(lǐng)阿富汗時(shí)期，巴基斯坦曾支持過(guò)這些激進(jìn)組織，所以巴基斯坦可以利用這層關(guān)系，幫助雙方進(jìn)行調(diào)解。阿富汗官員表示對(duì)這些文件未經(jīng)允許而被公布表示失望。阿富汗總統(tǒng)發(fā)言人奧馬爾在喀布爾譴責(zé)了這起事件，他說(shuō)，怎么也想不明白，為什么這么多文件會(huì)被泄漏到外面。但他對(duì)記者說(shuō)，這些信息不是什么新東西，阿富汗政府正在研究這些文件。奧馬爾說(shuō)：“大部分內(nèi)容都不是新的，過(guò)去已經(jīng)討論過(guò)了。其中大部分內(nèi)容是我們經(jīng)常與國(guó)際合作伙伴討論的問(wèn)題。這將有助于提高人們的警覺(jué)?！辈贿^(guò)，阿富汗政治分析家達(dá)維說(shuō)，如果泄漏文件中的內(nèi)容屬實(shí)，那么巴基斯坦就是在玩一場(chǎng)令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的“兩面派游戲”，特別是因?yàn)樗€在從美國(guó)獲得數(shù)十億美元的援助。達(dá)維說(shuō)，這些文件顯示，巴基斯坦三軍情報(bào)局的代表曾直接同塔利班會(huì)面，幫助塔利班組織針對(duì)聯(lián)軍和阿富汗軍隊(duì)的襲擊，并策劃刺殺阿富汗領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。達(dá)維說(shuō)，巴基斯坦可能希望除掉那些同情阿富汗總統(tǒng)卡爾扎伊的人，這樣，如果卡爾扎伊想同塔利班激進(jìn)分子達(dá)成協(xié)議的話，就必須尋求伊斯蘭堡的幫助。他說(shuō)：“巴基斯坦當(dāng)然能削弱卡爾扎伊，當(dāng)然能動(dòng)搖他在阿富汗的地位，減弱阿富汗各部落和各種族對(duì)他的支持。”巴基斯坦官員則否認(rèn)該報(bào)告中指認(rèn)的巴基斯坦情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)與塔利班勾結(jié)合作的斷言。巴基斯坦駐阿富汗大使稱(chēng)，被公布的美軍在阿富汗文件中的大部分內(nèi)容都是已知的，沒(méi)有什么新內(nèi)容。白宮和其同盟此舉被認(rèn)為是為了淡化此次機(jī)密文件泄露造成的政治和軍事影響。巴基斯坦駐美國(guó)大使富坎尼則譴責(zé)維基解密不負(fù)責(zé)任，強(qiáng)調(diào)巴國(guó)打擊武裝分子不遺余力，美國(guó)行政與立法部門(mén)強(qiáng)調(diào)所泄漏的文件只能反映過(guò)去的狀況，與現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)脫節(jié)。一些觀察員認(rèn)為，巴基斯坦秘密情報(bào)部門(mén)如今仍然不愿意斬?cái)噙@個(gè)聯(lián)系，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為，在西方從阿富汗撤軍后，如果巴基斯坦想對(duì)阿富汗施加影響的話，塔利班還是用的著的。澳洲ISTS卷入旋渦（國(guó)際七三學(xué)社）“維基解密”背后是一個(gè)很大的謎團(tuán)，可怕的不是朱利安·阿桑奇和泄密網(wǎng)站，而是為泄密網(wǎng)站提供情報(bào)的網(wǎng)，有分析家認(rèn)為，這是一個(gè)龐大的情報(bào)體系，不是一般的組織所能為，美國(guó)中情局只是想通過(guò)朱利安·阿桑奇找到背后的網(wǎng)，毋庸置疑，美國(guó)人想到一個(gè)龐大的聯(lián)誼會(huì)——國(guó)際七三學(xué)社，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)學(xué)社的成員遍及世界所有國(guó)家，成員有數(shù)十萬(wàn)之多，朱利安·阿桑奇正是七十年代出生的人，有消息稱(chēng)朱利安·阿桑奇是這個(gè)學(xué)社的骨干成員。所以，“維基解密”引發(fā)澳洲ISTS（國(guó)際七三學(xué)社）許多成員遭受調(diào)查。美國(guó)全軍封殺U盤(pán)為防止軍事機(jī)密泄露，美國(guó)軍方下令禁止全軍使用USB存儲(chǔ)器、CD光盤(pán)等移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)，違者將以軍法論處。美國(guó)空軍網(wǎng)絡(luò)部門(mén)指揮官理查德·韋伯少將2010年12月3日發(fā)布“網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制令”，要求所有人員“立即停止在所有系統(tǒng)、服務(wù)器和連接國(guó)防部秘密網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電腦上使用移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)?！眻?bào)道稱(chēng)，美軍其他軍種也收到類(lèi)似命令。報(bào)道稱(chēng)，軍方此舉是為防范軍事機(jī)密再次被“維基解密”一類(lèi)的網(wǎng)站泄露。早在兩年前，美國(guó)軍方曾下令禁止使用移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)，理由是防止病毒傳播。但由于禁止使用移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備給軍方數(shù)據(jù)傳輸帶來(lái)很大麻煩，2010年2月，該禁令被取消，結(jié)果為“維基解密”大開(kāi)方便之門(mén)。從2010年4月開(kāi)始，“維基解密”網(wǎng)站陸續(xù)公開(kāi)數(shù)十萬(wàn)份有關(guān)伊拉克和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的軍事文件。經(jīng)美國(guó)軍方調(diào)查，文件的泄露者是曾在伊拉克服役的美軍情報(bào)分析員布拉德利·曼寧，作案工具就是移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備。他從軍方網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載大量機(jī)密文件，并刻錄在一張標(biāo)為“Lady Gaga”的CD中，之后他將機(jī)密文件傳輸給“維基解密”網(wǎng)站。“維基解密”事件發(fā)生后，美軍方采取大量措施，一份8月份內(nèi)部報(bào)告顯示，五角大樓已限制所有機(jī)密電腦向移動(dòng)設(shè)備復(fù)制文件的權(quán)限。截止到2010年12月，美軍大約60%的計(jì)算機(jī)與主機(jī)安全系統(tǒng)連接，監(jiān)視任何異常行為。維基解密被稱(chēng)為美國(guó)外交史911迄今外交史上最大規(guī)模的泄密事件2011年11月28日如期發(fā)生。當(dāng)天，“維基解密”網(wǎng)站曝光逾25萬(wàn)份據(jù)稱(chēng)是美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院的機(jī)密文件，將諸多美國(guó)外交內(nèi)幕和盤(pán)托出，事件引發(fā)的影響，被稱(chēng)為美國(guó)外交的“9·11”。作為一家專(zhuān)門(mén)揭密的網(wǎng)站，“維基解密”2011年7月和10月曾分別公布9萬(wàn)多份阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)密文件和近40萬(wàn)份伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)密文件。前者將駐阿富汗美軍濫殺平民的種種細(xì)節(jié)曝光，后者則指僅在2004年至2009年期間，伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就造成10.9萬(wàn)人死亡，其中包括6.6萬(wàn)名平民。此外，身份盜竊在當(dāng)今的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)是個(gè)非?，F(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題，催生出了一個(gè)以非法監(jiān)控個(gè)人信用記錄和身份為基礎(chǔ)的完整地下行業(yè)。甚至還有更多的跡象證明，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是敵對(duì)國(guó)家間的新戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)：2009年4月，《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道稱(chēng)，美國(guó)的電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾受到“來(lái)自俄羅斯以及其他國(guó)家間諜的入侵”。7月，美國(guó)《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》報(bào)道稱(chēng)，朝鮮向韓國(guó)及美國(guó)發(fā)起了大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)攻，白宮、五角大樓及其他“高級(jí)別機(jī)構(gòu)”遭到攻擊。2008年，俄羅斯與格魯吉亞之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也蔓延到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)：格魯吉亞指控俄羅斯在對(duì)格開(kāi)戰(zhàn)的同時(shí)，還向其政府網(wǎng)站發(fā)起了一系列網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)攻。安全專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng)，“網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)”時(shí)代已經(jīng)降臨，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)具有匿名的特點(diǎn)，所以想要確定罪犯幾乎是不可能的事情。其他相關(guān)播報(bào)編輯與維基百科關(guān)系出于法律方面的原因，維基解密（Wikileaks） 與維基百科沒(méi)有任何官方的正式關(guān)系。不過(guò)，維基解密（Wikileaks） 與維基百科使用了相同的維基用戶(hù)界面和網(wǎng)站技術(shù)；并且，二者在鼓勵(lì)任何人成為條目作者和編輯者方面，在以此方式下獲得更廣泛和更精確的共同創(chuàng)作成果方面，它們的指導(dǎo)哲學(xué)是完全一致的。二者皆依賴(lài)于消息靈通的公民組成的社區(qū)。不同的是維基百科是百科全書(shū)，而維基解密（Wikileaks）是解密檔案。維基百科為維基解密（Wikileaks）提供了一個(gè)很好的范例。維基百科成功地為人們帶來(lái)準(zhǔn)確而更新及時(shí)的百科全書(shū)條目，讓許多人都為之驚嘆。維基百科證明了基于一群活躍的社區(qū)用戶(hù)而進(jìn)行的共同創(chuàng)作，是可以產(chǎn)生大量精準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容的，并且符合快速、民主、透明的原則。維基解密（Wikileaks）致力于提供快速而精確的，基于解密文檔的信息傳播、查證、分析、說(shuō)明以及更深解讀，以此造福世界各地的人們。 WikiLeaks（中文媒體譯作：維基解密、維基揭密、維基泄密）是一個(gè)與維基百科或維基媒體基金會(huì)沒(méi)有建立任何關(guān)系的站點(diǎn)。在2010年8月11日，維基百科創(chuàng)辦人吉米·威爾士（Jimmy Wales）已于英國(guó)一份報(bào)章說(shuō)明此項(xiàng)內(nèi)容（《Jimmy Wales： people think I'm responsible for Wikileaks》）。維基解密域名之登記者為Wikia的員工，這些域名顯示之內(nèi)容是由Wikileaksorg提供，這或許有些誤導(dǎo)。 此外，Wikia與維基媒體基金會(huì)是兩個(gè)各自獨(dú)立的組織，二者沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。根據(jù)維基百科創(chuàng)辦人之聲明：“Wikia并未提供服務(wù)給這些網(wǎng)域名稱(chēng)的網(wǎng)站。這些域名在網(wǎng)域名稱(chēng)服務(wù)器（DNS）內(nèi)的CNAME記錄均導(dǎo)向至wikileaksorg.這些網(wǎng)域名稱(chēng)在很久以前已合法轉(zhuǎn)移給Wikileaks，但不知何故，Wikileaks從未完成移轉(zhuǎn)的技術(shù)流程。Wikia已多次要求其盡速完成之，但并未有結(jié)果。Wikileaks創(chuàng)辦人朱利安·阿桑奇（Julian Paul Assange）先生表示他目前忙得不可開(kāi)交，以目前發(fā)生的有關(guān)新聞事件來(lái)看，其所言看起來(lái)屬實(shí)?！?010年12月初，Wikia網(wǎng)域顯示其為域名停放或頁(yè)面不存在。2010年12月8日吉米·威爾士又在其用戶(hù)討論頁(yè)回復(fù)了一條相關(guān)提問(wèn)：就這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)維基解密網(wǎng)頁(yè)初公開(kāi)時(shí)他們發(fā)布了一份新聞稿，宣傳自己是“（泄露）秘密的維基百科”。當(dāng)時(shí)我們對(duì)他們沒(méi)有任何頭緒，搞不懂是騙局、濫發(fā)信息或者其他什么的，為了保護(hù)域名而注冊(cè)的域名。我們立刻聯(lián)系了他們了解事情始末，而他們就誤用維基百科的名字道歉并處理了問(wèn)題……但他們尚未完成（域名）轉(zhuǎn)移的設(shè)定。法律現(xiàn)狀播報(bào)編輯法律背景維基解密的法律地位非常復(fù)雜。阿桑奇將維基解密視作一個(gè)保護(hù)告密者的中間組織。擔(dān)心被曝光或受到懲罰的告密者可以泄密給維基解密，之后由維基解密幫他們泄密給媒體，這種方式勝過(guò)直接告訴媒體。它的服務(wù)器遍及歐洲且可以通過(guò)任何一個(gè)未受到信息審查過(guò)濾的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口接入。該組織總部位于瑞典，因?yàn)檫@里有全世界最嚴(yán)格的法律來(lái)保護(hù)這些重要的泄密者信息。維基解密宣布它不會(huì)懇求任何泄密信息。然而，阿桑奇曾在在馬來(lái)西亞舉行的Hack In The Box會(huì)議上要求一群黑客和安全研究員來(lái)幫助自己尋找在"2009泄密最高通緝令"清單上的文件?？赡苊媾R的犯罪指控美國(guó)司法部在外交電文泄露開(kāi)始后不久就展開(kāi)了針對(duì)維基解密的調(diào)查。司法部長(zhǎng)Eric Holder證實(shí)該調(diào)查“不是暴力恐嚇”，而是“一個(gè)積極的，持續(xù)的犯罪調(diào)查。”《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，司法部正在醞釀對(duì)其提出間諜罪指控，一份前任公訴人的提議指出其困難之處：第一次憲法修正案保護(hù)媒體言論自由。數(shù)個(gè)在最高法院進(jìn)行判決的案例都表明了憲法支持非法獲得信息并發(fā)布給公眾的人其在獲取過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有違反法律的立場(chǎng)。聯(lián)邦檢察院也本打算以買(mǎi)賣(mài)國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)罪控告阿桑奇，但因?yàn)橥饨浑娢囊獧C(jī)密于物理財(cái)產(chǎn)，這種方式也面臨障礙。任何對(duì)阿桑奇的指控都需要將阿桑奇引渡到美國(guó)，根據(jù)先前的從瑞典進(jìn)行引渡的案例，這一步總是制造了復(fù)雜的司法流程和潛在的時(shí)間上的拖延。阿桑奇的一個(gè)律師說(shuō)，另一方面，他們正在力爭(zhēng)把阿桑奇引渡到瑞典因?yàn)樗赡鼙灰傻矫绹?guó)。阿桑奇的律師馬克-斯蒂文斯曾“聽(tīng)說(shuō)來(lái)自瑞典作家的消息在弗吉尼亞州亞歷山德里亞有一個(gè)高級(jí)陪審團(tuán)”聚集并討論有關(guān)維基解密案件的犯罪指控。在澳大利亞，當(dāng)局和聯(lián)邦警署沒(méi)有聲明維基解密所觸犯的法律，但是總理吉拉德曾聲明組建維基解密基金會(huì)和從外國(guó)竊取美國(guó)政府的保密文件是非法行為。吉拉德在之后的對(duì)其聲明的解釋中引用了那句“最初美國(guó)新兵對(duì)資料的盜竊行為的嚴(yán)重性勝過(guò)阿桑奇先生”。Spencer Zifcak，一個(gè)名為自由維多利亞的澳大利亞公民自由組織的主席，提醒人們，沒(méi)有控告和完整的審判流程及結(jié)果就不能說(shuō)維基解密是一個(gè)非法組織。當(dāng)許多政府對(duì)阿桑奇發(fā)出威脅時(shí)，法律專(zhuān)家本-索爾駁斥道，把阿桑奇做為犯罪者或者恐怖分子的全球性的污蔑戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的目標(biāo)沒(méi)有任何法律基礎(chǔ)。美國(guó)憲法權(quán)利中心發(fā)布了一份聲明，在聲明中用“多個(gè)法律觸及不到或者謬誤的案例”強(qiáng)調(diào)了有關(guān)拘捕阿桑奇的危險(xiǎn)性。法律責(zé)任澳大利亞聯(lián)邦警察對(duì)維基揭密網(wǎng)站及創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇進(jìn)行調(diào)查，他們公布數(shù)十萬(wàn)美國(guó)秘密的外交文件違反了澳大利亞的法律。美國(guó)政府警告要起訴泄漏外交情報(bào)的人員新手上路成長(zhǎng)任務(wù)編輯入門(mén)編輯規(guī)則本人編輯我有疑問(wèn)內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑在線客服官方貼吧意見(jiàn)反饋投訴建議舉報(bào)不良信息未通過(guò)詞條申訴投訴侵權(quán)信息封禁查詢(xún)與解封?2024?Baidu?使用百度前必讀?|?百科協(xié)議?|?隱私政策?|?百度百科合作平臺(tái)?|?京ICP證030173號(hào)?京公網(wǎng)安備110000020000Julian Assange | Biography & Facts | Britannica
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Julian Assange
Table of Contents
Julian Assange
Table of Contents
IntroductionEarly life and creation of WikiLeaksEarly WikiLeaks activity and legal issuesAsylum in the Ecuadoran embassy and impact on the 2016 U.S. presidential election
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Julian Assange
Australian computer programmer
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Written by
Michael Ray
Michael Ray oversees coverage of European history and military affairs for Britannica. He earned a B.A. in history from Michigan State University in 1995. He was a teacher in the Chicago suburbs and Seoul,...
Michael Ray
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Last Updated:
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Julian Assange
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Category:
Science & Tech
Born:
July 3, 1971, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (age 52)
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Founder:
WikiLeaks
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Recent News
Mar. 4, 2024, 5:23 AM ET (Yahoo Movies Canada)
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Feb. 26, 2024, 12:17 PM ET (ABC News (U.S.))
WikiLeaks’ Assange faces wait to find out whether he can challenge extradition to the US
Feb. 21, 2024, 7:37 PM ET (AP)
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Julian Assange (born July 3, 1971, Townsville, Queensland, Australia) Australian computer programmer who founded the media organization WikiLeaks. Practicing what he called “scientific journalism”—i.e., providing primary source materials with a minimum of editorial commentary—Assange, through WikiLeaks, released thousands of internal or classified documents from an assortment of government and corporate entities.
Early life and creation of WikiLeaks
Assange’s family moved frequently when he was a child, and he was educated with a combination of homeschooling and correspondence courses. As a teenager, he demonstrated an uncanny aptitude with computers, and, using the hacking nickname “Mendax,” he infiltrated a number of secure systems, including those at NASA and the Pentagon. In 1991 Australian authorities charged him with 31 counts of cybercrime; he pleaded guilty to most of them. At sentencing, however, he received only a small fine as punishment, and the judge ruled that his actions were the result of youthful inquisitiveness. Over the next decade, Assange traveled, studied physics at the University of Melbourne (he withdrew before earning a degree), and worked as a computer security consultant.
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Assange created WikiLeaks in 2006 to serve as a clearinghouse for sensitive or classified documents. Its first publication, posted to the WikiLeaks Web site in December 2006, was a message from a Somali rebel leader encouraging the use of hired gunmen to assassinate government officials. The document’s authenticity was never verified, but the story of WikiLeaks and questions regarding the ethics of its methods soon overshadowed it. WikiLeaks published a number of other scoops, including details about the U.S. military’s detention facility at Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, a secret membership roster of the British National Party, internal documents from the Scientology movement, and private e-mails from the University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit.
Early WikiLeaks activity and legal issues
Julian AssangeJulian Assange at a conference in T?nsberg, Norway, March 2010.(more)In 2010 WikiLeaks posted almost half a million documents obtained from U.S. Army intelligence analyst Bradley Manning (later called Chelsea Manning)—mainly relating to the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. While much of the information was already in the public domain, Pres. Barack Obama’s administration criticized the leaks as a threat to U.S. national security. In November of that year, WikiLeaks began publishing an estimated 250,000 confidential U.S. diplomatic cables. Those classified documents dated mostly from 2007 to 2010, but they included some dating back as far as 1966. Among the wide-ranging topics covered were behind-the-scenes U.S. efforts to politically and economically isolate Iran, primarily in response to fears of Iran’s development of nuclear weapons. Reaction from governments around the world was swift, and many condemned the publication. Assange became the target of much of that ire, and some American politicians called for him to be pursued as a terrorist.
Assange also faced prosecution in Sweden, where he was wanted in connection with sexual assault charges. (It was the second arrest warrant issued for Assange for those alleged crimes; the first warrant was dismissed in August 2010 because of lack of evidence.) Assange was arrested in London in December 2010 and held without bond, pending possible extradition to Sweden. He was eventually released on bail, and in February 2011 a British judge ruled that the extradition should proceed, a decision that was appealed by Assange’s attorneys. In December 2011 the British High Court found that Assange’s extradition case was “of general public importance” and recommended that it be heard by the Supreme Court. This decision allowed Assange to petition the Supreme Court directly for a final hearing on the matter.
In May 2011 Assange was awarded the Sydney Peace Foundation’s gold medal, an honour that had previously been bestowed on Nelson Mandela and the Dalai Lama, for his “exceptional courage in pursuit of human rights.” Assange’s memoir, Julian Assange: The Unauthorised Autobiography, was published against his wishes in September 2011. Assange had received a sizable advance payment for the book, but he withdrew his support for the project after sitting for some 50 hours of interviews, and the resulting manuscript, although at times enlightening, read very much like the early draft that it was.
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While Britain’s Supreme Court continued to weigh the matter of Assange’s extradition, he remained under house arrest on the estate of a WikiLeaks supporter in rural Norfolk. From this location, Assange recorded a series of interviews that were collected as The World Tomorrow, a talk show that debuted online and on the state-funded Russian satellite news network RT in April 2012. Hosting the program from a makeshift broadcast studio, Assange began the series with an interview with Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, Nasrallah’s first with a Western journalist since the 34-day war between Hezbollah and Israel in 2006.
Asylum in the Ecuadoran embassy and impact on the 2016 U.S. presidential election
In June 2012, after his extradition appeal was denied by the Supreme Court, Assange sought refuge in the Ecuadoran embassy. He applied for asylum on the grounds that extradition to Sweden could lead to eventual prosecution in the United States for actions related to WikiLeaks. Assange claimed that such a trial would be politically motivated and would potentially subject him to the death penalty. In August Assange’s request was granted, but he remained confined within the embassy as British and Ecuadoran officials attempted to resolve the issue. Assange began his second year within the walls of the embassy by launching a bid for a seat in the Australian Senate. His WikiLeaks Party, founded in July 2013, performed poorly in the September 7, 2013, Australian general election; it captured less than 1 percent of the national vote and failed to win any seats in the Senate. In August 2015 Swedish prosecutors dropped their investigation of three of the allegations against Assange, as they had been unable to interview him prior to the expiration of a five-year statute of limitations. Swedish authorities continued to pursue an investigation into the outstanding allegation of rape, however, and Assange remained within the Ecuadoran embassy in London.
In 2016 Assange became an active player in the U.S. presidential race, when WikiLeaks began publishing internal communications from the Democratic Party and the campaign of Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. Assange made no secret of his personal hostility toward Clinton, and the leaks were clearly timed to do maximum damage to her campaign. Numerous independent cybersecurity experts and U.S. law enforcement agencies confirmed that the data had been obtained by hackers associated with Russian intelligence agencies. Despite this evidence, Assange denied that the information had come from Russia. In January 2017 a declassified U.S. intelligence report stated that Assange and WikiLeaks had been key parts of a sophisticated hybrid warfare campaign orchestrated by Russia against the United States. In May 2017, as Assange approached his fifth year under de facto house arrest in the Ecuadoran embassy in London, Swedish prosecutors announced that they had discontinued their investigation into the rape charges against him.
On April 11, 2019, Ecuador withdrew its offer of asylum to Assange, citing repeated violations of both international law and the terms that it had imposed upon him regarding his tenure in the embassy. After securing a written agreement from the British government that Assange “would not be extradited to a country where he could face torture or the death penalty,” Ecuadoran Pres. Lenín Moreno allowed British police to enter the embassy and arrest Assange. While he was no longer subject to investigation in Sweden, Assange was still wanted for failing to appear in British court. He was also the target of an outstanding extradition warrant from the United States for computer crimes.Michael Ray
WikiLeaks Timeline: 12 Years Of Disruption : NPR
WikiLeaks Timeline: 12 Years Of Disruption : NPR
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WikiLeaks Timeline: 12 Years Of Disruption The impact of WikiLeaks on the world's politics, journalism and culture has been transformative. Here are the highlights.
National Security
12 Years Of Disruption: A WikiLeaks Timeline
April 11, 20192:11 PM ET
David Welna
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WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange appears at the window of the balcony prior to making an address to the media at the Embassy of Ecuador in London on May 19, 2017.
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WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange appears at the window of the balcony prior to making an address to the media at the Embassy of Ecuador in London on May 19, 2017.
Justin Tallis/AFP/Getty Images
WikiLeaks was already established as an online outlet for posting secret documents from anonymous leakers well before its massive disclosure of U.S. government and military information in 2010. That was the year WikiLeaks' Australian founder, Julian Assange, faced allegations that led to his seeking asylum in Ecuador's London embassy.
National Security
Julian Assange Arrested, Faces U.S. Charges Related To 2010 WikiLeaks Releases
Here is a timeline of WikiLeaks' key disclosures and related developments. 2007 November: WikiLeaks posts a U.S. Army manual of standard operating procedures for soldiers overseeing al-Qaida suspects held captive at Camp Delta in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. 2008 September: Two months before the U.S. presidential election, WikiLeaks posts leaked emails from the Yahoo account of Republican vice presidential contender Sarah Palin. 2009 November: WikiLeaks posts more than half-a-million pager messages it claims were sent on Sept. 11, 2001. 2010 April: WikiLeaks posts a classified U.S. military video of a U.S. Apache helicopter gunship firing on what the military says were believed to be armed fighters in New Baghdad, Iraq. Among the 18 killed were two Reuters journalists.
May: Pfc. Bradley (later known as Chelsea) Manning is arrested by the U.S. military and then court-martialed in June, charged with leaking the combat video posted on WikiLeaks as well as classified State Department documents by downloading those documents to a personal computer. July: WikiLeaks posts what it calls "The Afghan War Logs," more than 75,000 classified documents that record previously undisclosed civilian casualties inflicted by the U.S. and coalition forces, details of the pursuit of Osama bin Laden and accounts of stepped-up fighting by the Taliban. August: WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange faces an arrest warrant over allegations of rape and molestation during a visit to Sweden; police question him in Stockholm, where he denies the allegations. October: WikiLeaks posts nearly 400,000 classified military documents it calls "The Iraq War Logs"; they detail the involvement of Iraqi security forces in the torture of prisoners of war, document higher civilian death tolls and describe Iran's support for Iraqi insurgents. November: WikiLeaks posts the first 250,000 of more than 3 million leaked U.S. diplomatic cables from nearly 300 American consulates and embassies worldwide that span the years from 1966 to 2010. December: Assange is arrested in London to face extradition for the Swedish allegations; he is released and put under house arrest after posting bail.
2011 February: WikiLeaks posts seven cables from the U.S. Embassy in Cairo, amid violent clashes between Egyptian security forces and pro-democracy demonstrators; the documents discuss Egypt's human rights and civil liberties violations. April: WikiLeaks posts "The Guantanamo Files," some 800 classified military documents detailing the official allegations of terrorist actions by the men held captive in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. October: After being removed from Amazon's servers and being allegedly cut off from major credit card companies as well as PayPal and Western Union, WikiLeaks suspends publication of leaked documents to "aggressively fundraise." 2012 February: WikiLeaks starts posting a trove of what it claims are 5 million leaked emails from Stratfor, a private company that describes itself as a "global intelligence company." June: Assange takes refuge in Ecuador's London embassy, where he seeks political asylum. July: WikiLeaks begins posting more than 2 million leaked emails, dating back to 2006, from 680 Syrian government officials and firms. August: Assange is granted political asylum at Ecuador's London embassy; a military judge condemns Manning to a 35-year prison sentence; Manning announces gender transition and asks to be known as Chelsea. 2013 Throughout the year: WikiLeaks posts leaked documents detailing the private negotiations for major trade deals, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. 2015 June: WikiLeaks posts leaked documents from the Saudi foreign ministry. July: WikiLeaks begins posting leaked National Security Agency documents revealing American surveillance of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Fran?ois Hollande, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, as well as two prime ministers, Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu and Italy's Silvio Berlusconi. 2016 July: WikiLeaks posts nearly 20,000 emails and 8,000 attachments from leaders of the Democratic National Committee; Assange later denies allegations that Russian intelligence services were the source of the leak. October: WikiLeaks posts more than 2,000 hacked emails from the account of John Podesta, who at the time was campaign chairman for Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton.
2017 January: Outgoing President Barack Obama commutes Manning's prison sentence, allowing her to be freed in May. March: WikiLeaks starts posting what it calls "Vault 7," which it claims to be a collection of thousands of internal Central Intelligence Agency documents that detail a covert hacking program carried out by the agency as well as malware and software it uses to spy on smart TVs, the operating systems of most smartphones and Web browsers. September: WikiLeaks starts posting the first of what it says are 650,000 leaked critical documents from surveillance contractors working in a Russia ruled by President Vladimir Putin. October: CIA Director Mike Pompeo says the U.S. is "working to take down" WikiLeaks, which he calls "an enormous threat." December: Assange is granted Ecuadorian citizenship. 2018 April: The Democratic National Committee files a lawsuit against WikiLeaks for its role in publishing the DNC's hacked emails. May: Manning's conviction under the Espionage Act is upheld by a U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals. November: A document written by a U.S. attorney inadvertently discloses that Assange has been charged under seal by the U.S. 2019 March: Manning is jailed after refusing to testify to a grand jury about what she leaked to WikiLeaks. April: Ecuadorian President Lenín Moreno accuses WikiLeaks of intercepting his private phone calls and hacking photos of his bedroom, his meals and his wife and daughters dancing; Moreno provided no evidence, and WikiLeaks calls the charges "bogus." Assange is arrested at Ecuador's London embassy by British police, accused of skipping bail. The U.S. Justice Department unseals an indictment of Assange dated March 6, 2018, that charges him with "conspiracy to commit computer intrusion."
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如何看待wikileaks最新解密的vault 7文件？ - 知乎
如何看待wikileaks最新解密的vault 7文件？ - 知乎首頁(yè)知乎知學(xué)堂發(fā)現(xiàn)等你來(lái)答?切換模式登錄/注冊(cè)黑客 (Hacker)維基解密中央情報(bào)局計(jì)算機(jī)安全Vault 7如何看待wikileaks最新解密的vault 7文件？https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/ 這些CIA的黑客軟件有什么影響顯示全部 ?關(guān)注者118被瀏覽7,809關(guān)注問(wèn)題?寫(xiě)回答?邀請(qǐng)回答?好問(wèn)題?添加評(píng)論?分享?1 個(gè)回答默認(rèn)排序知乎用戶(hù)CIA報(bào)告顯示美國(guó)政府（USG？不確定，歡迎指正）在美國(guó)制造的產(chǎn)品上留下漏洞并刻意使其處于開(kāi)啟狀態(tài)。不言而喻的野蠻行徑。什么信息讓這次的泄密顯得可信？程序和部門(mén)名稱(chēng)，例如JQJ（IOC）crypt series，都是真實(shí)的。非內(nèi)部人士無(wú)從知曉。（wikileaks發(fā)布的）標(biāo)題錯(cuò)誤地暗示了CIA入侵了這些app（Signal，Telegram，WhatsApp，Confide encryption）。然而這些文件顯示IOS和安卓才是被入侵的對(duì)象，問(wèn)題更嚴(yán)重了。險(xiǎn)從何來(lái)？除非將這些被CIA開(kāi)啟的漏洞關(guān)閉，否則任何黑客都可以隨意利用它們。來(lái)來(lái)來(lái)，這些東西能幫你搞個(gè)CIA的大新聞：由于美國(guó)政府花錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)暗門(mén)使得美國(guó)軟件處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)的公開(kāi)證據(jù)。（圖中說(shuō)這些致命漏洞也被國(guó)外政府用來(lái)監(jiān)視記者和人權(quán)團(tuán)體）證據(jù)顯示CIA和FBI明知美國(guó)制造的智能手機(jī)有著致命弱點(diǎn)卻仍縱容漏洞處于開(kāi)啟狀態(tài)，以達(dá)到監(jiān)視目的。=======================================================================阿登同學(xué)和維基解密上一次指摘俄羅斯政府是什么時(shí)候？不過(guò)我也不由得想起了某文件宣稱(chēng)14天后公布美國(guó)本土的利益輸送情報(bào)，但也后來(lái)沒(méi)有下文了。發(fā)布于 2017-03-08 11:33?贊同 20??4 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡收起??
Everything You Need to Know About Wikileaks | MIT Technology Review
Everything You Need to Know About Wikileaks | MIT Technology Review
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Skip to ContentMIT Technology ReviewFeaturedTopicsNewslettersEventsPodcastsSign inSubscribeMIT Technology ReviewFeaturedTopicsNewslettersEventsPodcastsSign inSubscribePolicyEverything You Need to Know About WikileaksTwo experts lay out the facts surrounding the controversy.By Jonathan Zittrainarchive pageMolly Sauterarchive pageDecember 9, 2010What is Wikileaks?Wikileaks is a self-described “not-for-profit media organization,” launched in 2006 for the purposes of disseminating original documents from anonymous sources and leakers. Its website says: “Wikileaks will accept restricted or censored material of political, ethical, diplomatic or historical significance. We do not accept rumor, opinion, other kinds of first hand accounts or material that is publicly available elsewhere.”More-detailed information about the history of the organization can be found on Wikipedia (with all the caveats that apply to a rapidly changing Wiki topic). Wikipedia incidentally has nothing to do with Wikileaks—both share the word “Wiki” in the title, but they’re not affiliated.Who is Julian Assange, and what is his role in the Wikileaks organization?
Julian Assange is an Australian citizen who is said to have served as the editor-in-chief and spokesperson for Wikileaks since its founding in 2006. Before that, he was described as an advisor. Sometimes he is cited as its founder. The media and popular imagination currently equate him with Wikileaks itself, with uncertain accuracy.In 2006, Assange wrote a series of essays that have recently been tapped as an explanation of his political philosophy. A close reading of these essays shows that Assange’s personal philosophy is in opposition to what he calls secrecy-based, authoritarian conspiracy governments, in which category he includes the US government and many others not conventionally thought of as authoritarian. Thus, as opposed to espousing a philosophy of radical transparency, Assange is not “about letting sunlight into the room so much as about throwing grit in the machine.” For further analysis, check out Aaron Bady’s original blog post.
Why is Wikileaks so much in the public eye right now?At the end of November 2010, Wikileaks began to slowly release a trove of what it says are 251,287 diplomatic cables acquired from an anonymous source. These documents came on the heels of the release of the “Collateral Murder” video in April 2010, and Afghan and Iraq War logs in July 2010 and October 2010, which totaled 466,743 documents. The combined 718,030 are said to originate from a single source, thought to be U.S. Army intelligence analyst Pfc. Bradley Manning, who was arrested in May 2010, but that’s not confirmed.Has Wikileaks released classified material in the past?Yes, under an evolving set of models.Berkman Fellow Ethan Zuckerman has some interesting thoughts on the development of Wikileaks and its practices over the years, which will be explained in greater detail when the Berkman Center podcast about Wikileaks is released later this week. In the meantime, here’s a capsule version.Wikileaks has moved through three phases since its founding in 2006. In its first phase, during which it released several substantial troves of documents related to Kenya in 2008, Wikileaks operated very much with a standard wiki model: the public readership could actively post and edit materials, and it had a say in the types of materials that were accepted and how such materials were vetted. The documents released in that first phase were more or less a straight dump to the Web: very little organized redacting occurred on the part of Wikileaks.Wikileaks’s second phase was exemplified with the release of the “Collateral Murder” video in April 2010. The video was a highly curated, produced and packaged political statement. It was meant to illustrate a political point of view, not merely to inform.The third phase is the one we currently see with the release of the diplomatic cables: Wikileaks working in close conjunction with a select group of news organizations to analyze, redact and release the cables in a curated manner, rather than dumping them on the Internet or using them to illustrate a singular political point of view.
What news organizations have access to the diplomatic cables and how did they get them?According to the Associated Press, Wikileaks gave four news organizations (Le Monde, El Pais, The Guardian and Der Spiegel) all 251,287 classified documents before anything was released to the public. The Guardian subsequently shared its trove with The New York Times.So have all 251,287 documents been released to the public?No. Each of the five news organizations is hosting the text of at least some of the documents in various forms with or without the relevant metadata (country of origin, classification level, reference ID). The Guardian and Der Spiegel have performed analyses of the metadata of the entire trove, excluding the body text. The Guardian’s analysis is available for download from its website.Wikileaks itself has released (as of December 7, 2010) 960 documents out of the total 251,287. The Associated Press has reported that Wikileaks is only releasing cables in coordination with the actions of the five selected news organizations. Julian Assange made similar statements in an interview with Guardian readers on December 3, 2010. Cables are being released daily as the five news organizations publish articles related to the content.Is each of the five news organizations hosting all the documents that Wikileaks has released?No. Each of the five news organizations hosts a different selection of the released documents, in different forms, which may or may not overlap. It’s not clear how much they’re coordinating on releasing new documents, since each appears to have a full set and normally newspapers would be eager to scoop one another.How are the five news organizations releasing the cables?
Le Monde has created an application, developed in conjunction with Linkfluence, that hosts the searchable text of several hundred cables. The text can be searched by the sender (country of origin, office or official), date range, persons of interest cited in the docs, classification status, or any combination of the above. Only the untranslated, English text of the cables can be accessed and cut-and-paste is not available.El Pais offers access to more than 200 cables, available in the original English or in Spanish translation, searchable by country of origin and key terms and subjects (such as “Google and China”). These searches also return El Pais articles written on a given subject, often placed ahead of the cables in the search listings. The paper also offers a “How to read a diplomatic cable” feature, explaining what all the abbreviations and technical verbiage mean in plain speak, posted on November 28, 2010.
The Guardian offers the cable data in several forms: It has performed an analysis of metadata of the entire 251,287-document trove, and made it available in several forms (spreadsheets hosted on Google Docs and in downloadable form) as well as infographics.The Guardian also hosts at least 422 cables on its website, searchable by subject, originating country, and countries referenced.The New York Times hosts what it calls a “selection of the documents from a cache of a quarter-million confidential American diplomatic cables that WikiLeaks intends to make public starting on November 28. The webpage goes on to say “A small number of names and passages in some of the cables have been removed by The New York Times to protect diplomats’ confidential sources, to keep from compromising American intelligence efforts or to protect the privacy of ordinary citizens.”The documents are not searchable and are organized by general subject.Who is responsible for redacting the documents? What actions did Wikileaks take to ensure that individuals were not put in danger by publication of the documents?According to the Associated Press and statements released by Wikileaks and Julian Assange, Wikileaks is currently relying on the expertise of the five news organizations to redact the cables as they are released, and it is following their redactions as it releases the documents on its website. (This cannot be verified without examining the original documents, which we have not done—nor are we linking to them here.) According to the BBC, Julian Assange approached the U.S. State Department for guidance on redacting the documents prior to their release. One can imagine the State Department’s dilemma there: assist and risk legitimating the enterprise; don’t assist and risk poor redaction. In a public letter, Harold Koh, legal adviser to the Department of State, declined to assist the organization and demanded the return of the documents.
Are the documents hosted anywhere else on the Internet? What is the “insurance” file?In late July 2010, Wikileaks is said to have posted to its Afghan War Logs site, and to a torrent site an encrypted file with “insurance” in the name. The file, which apparently can still be found on various peer-to-peer networks, is 1.4 gigabytes and is encrypted with AES256, a very strong encryption standard which would make it virtually impossible to open without the password. What is in the insurance file is not known. It has been speculated that it contains the unredacted cables provided by the original source(s), as well as other, previously unreleased information held by Wikileaks. There is further speculation, which has been indirectly boosted by Julian Assange, that the key to the file will be distributed in the event of either the death of Assange or the destruction of Wikileaks as a functioning organization. However, none of these things is known. All that is known for sure is that it’s a really big file with heavy encryption that’s already in a number of people’s hands and floating around for others to get.What happens if Wikileaks gets shut down? Can it be shut down?It depends on what’s meant by “Wikileaks” and what’s meant by “shut down.”
Julian Assange has made statements suggesting that if Wikileaks becomes nonfunctional as an organization, the key to the encrypted “insurance” file will be released (the key itself is not a big document and could presumably fit into Twitter messages). The actual machination of how such a “dead man’s switch” would release the key is not known. If the key were released, and if the encrypted insurance file contains unredacted and unreleased secret documents, then those decrypted files would be available to many people nearly instantaneously. Wikileaks claimed in August that the insurance file had been downloaded more than 100,000 times.Wikileaks apparently maintains a small paid staff—who and where is not exactly on a “people” page, though there used to be a physical P.O. box in Australia where documents could be sent—and is additionally supported by volunteers, speculated to be at most a few thousand. So, would it be possible for a motivated organization to disrupt its real-world infrastructure? Yes, probably. However, at this point, it is not practical to recover the information the organization has already distributed (which includes the entire trove of diplomatic cables to the press as well as whatever is in the encrypted insurance file), as well as any other undistributed information the organization might seek to release. So in terms of the recovery of leaked information, the downfall of Wikileaks as an organization would matter little.Furthermore, there appear to be currently more than 1,000 sites mirroring Wikileaks and its content. Wikileaks has made available downloadable files containing its entire archive of released materials to date.Why did wikileaks.org stop working as a way to find the site?For a traditional website to work it needs a domain name like “website.com” so that people can find it easily with a Web browser. The domain name system (“DNS”) is hierarchical—information is spread from a zone containing several top-level (root) servers down to zones containing lower-level servers—but the top level servers do not determine everything held by servers lower down. Domain names can stop working for any number of reasons. One common assumption is is that the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which manages certain top-level protocol and parameter assignments for the Internet, intervened in the case of Wikileqaks. It did not.A little technical discussion to explain why: The root zone orchestrated by ICANN is a very small file — just a mapping between each top-level domain (“TLD”) like .org or .ch to the IP address(es) of servers designated to say more about that TLD (one server, not in ICANN’s hands, keeps track of names under .org, one for names under .ch, etc.). So the only thing ICANN could do is to all-or-nothing delete .org or .ch, making every domain name with that ending disappear temporarily.Note that wikileaks.org went down not because of anything done to its DNS entry within the list kept by the registry that manages.org domains (full disclosure: I’m on the board of Trustees for the non-profit Internet Society (ISOC) which is the parent to the Public Interest Registry, which keeps track of names in .org). Instead, the name server to which its entry pointed (even lower down the DNS chain) was attacked with a flood of traffic by unknown parties and EveryDNS, the operator of that name server, chose to stop answering queries about Wikileaks in the hopes that the attack would stop. (Apparently it did.) A website also needs hosting, and Wikileaks has apparently had to shift its hosting at least once after being dropped by a chosen provider: Amazon’s commodity hosting service shut down the site for terms of service violations after being contacted by U.S. Senator Joseph Lieberman.On a more technical level, the Wikileaks website can come under attack, and its means of collecting money can be made much more difficult.Jonathan Zittrain is a professor of law and professor of computer science at Harvard, and co-founder of its Berkman Center for Internet & Society; Molly Sauter is a research assistant at the Berkman Center. Further updates will appear at www.jz.org hideby Jonathan Zittrain & Molly SauterSharelinkedinlink opens in a new windowtwitterlink opens in a new windowfacebooklink opens in a new windowemaillink opens in a new windowPopular10 Breakthrough Technologies 2024The EditorsScientists are finding signals of long covid in blood. They could lead to new treatments.Cassandra WillyardAI for everything: 10 Breakthrough Technologies 2024Will Douglas HeavenOpenAI teases an amazing new generative video model called SoraWill Douglas HeavenDeep DivePolicyThree technology trends shaping 2024’s electionsThe biggest story of this year will be elections in the US and all around the globe
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維基解密 - 知乎
維基解密 - 知乎首頁(yè)知乎知學(xué)堂發(fā)現(xiàn)等你來(lái)答?切換模式登錄/注冊(cè)維基解密維基解密（又稱(chēng)維基泄密、維基揭秘；英語(yǔ)：WikiLeaks），是通過(guò)協(xié)助知情人讓組織、企業(yè)、政府在陽(yáng)光下運(yùn)作的、無(wú)國(guó)界、非盈利的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒體。 朱利安·保羅·阿桑奇，一個(gè)澳大利亞的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)積極分子，通…查看全部?jī)?nèi)容關(guān)注話題?管理?分享?百科討論精華視頻等待回答?切換為時(shí)間排序教資面試解密Ep1：維基解密，教資面試報(bào)名不得不了解的秘密Gabi領(lǐng)資料和加群，請(qǐng)
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教資面試可以打印準(zhǔn)考證啦！是不是后悔了？考試第一天和第二天的題目是否一樣？Gabi老師維基解密面試，不看后悔半年，看了面試必過(guò)！教資面試所有人…閱讀全文??贊同 9??25 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡? 舉報(bào)如何看待維基解密創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇于 2019 年 4 月 11 日在倫敦被捕？西風(fēng)獨(dú)自涼看好看電影，寫(xiě)最佳影評(píng)維基爆料壞了希拉里的好事，川普贏得大選，白左乃至整個(gè)歐洲斯坦對(duì)阿桑奇恨之入骨： [圖片] 希拉里甚至提議用無(wú)人機(jī)干掉阿桑奇，罪惡是文明的基石嘛，呵呵。 阿桑奇有點(diǎn)像堂吉訶德，他挑戰(zhàn)的是民主黨、歐洲斯坦等巨無(wú)霸…… 為什么早不抓晚不抓？ 結(jié)束通俄門(mén)調(diào)查之后，美國(guó)強(qiáng)烈要求引渡阿桑奇（維基解密最新消息），作為打擊白左的利器，他比任何時(shí)候都要吃香——厄瓜多爾一直待價(jià)而沽，現(xiàn)在價(jià)錢(qián)終于談妥： [圖片] 阿桑奇若能提供民主黨全委會(huì)…閱讀全文??贊同 115??12 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡如何評(píng)價(jià)阿桑奇身體健康狀況嚴(yán)重惡化？千秋凜然英雄氣學(xué)生怕是，沒(méi)希望了。 各國(guó)統(tǒng)治者不會(huì)讓他活著走出監(jiān)獄的。 這是一位理想主義的戰(zhàn)士！ 一位本來(lái)能靠才華過(guò)上富足生活，卻為了人類(lèi)的福祉，不惜以生命撕開(kāi)惡魔偽裝的人！ 弱者要隱私，強(qiáng)者要透明，這個(gè)世界正好他媽是反著的！ 唯有敬仰！ 不知他的理想何日能實(shí)現(xiàn)，不知千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)理想主義者前仆后繼所追求的東西何時(shí)能到來(lái)！閱讀全文??贊同 139??9 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡阿桑奇是英雄還是危險(xiǎn)分子？彼得·克魯泡特金民社安康大丈夫當(dāng)如是也 [圖片]閱讀全文??贊同 43??添加評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡維基解密阿桑奇被捕了，接下來(lái)他將面臨什么？大師兄留學(xué)讓留學(xué)真正成為全民選擇對(duì)于阿桑奇接下來(lái)的命運(yùn)，他是否會(huì)被引渡到美國(guó)，誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。 點(diǎn)擊卡片了解更多哦。 昨天，英國(guó)倫敦發(fā)生了一件震驚世界的大事，英國(guó)該不該逮捕阿桑奇？ 關(guān)注“英國(guó)大師兄”，后臺(tái)回復(fù)“教材” 領(lǐng)取20.5G全英文名校教材 回復(fù)“雅思”，領(lǐng)取最新雅思福利禮包 昨天，英國(guó)倫敦發(fā)生了一件震驚世界的大事，維基解密創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇在倫敦被英國(guó)警察逮捕。 英國(guó)的各大主流媒體幾乎都頭版頭條對(duì)這一大事件進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。 [圖片] 所有報(bào)道幾乎都采用…閱讀全文??贊同 29??10 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡Wikileaks點(diǎn)贊“靈魂烹飪”發(fā)現(xiàn)，1994年紀(jì)錄片驚人相似Reincarnated.Ra[圖片] Wikileaks對(duì)網(wǎng)友關(guān)于“靈魂烹飪”和Marina Abramovic的對(duì)于邪教儀式與行為藝術(shù)區(qū)分的自我解讀點(diǎn)了個(gè)贊。 [圖片] 細(xì)心網(wǎng)友發(fā)現(xiàn)了Marina Abramovic對(duì)希拉里的捐款達(dá)到了2700美金的最高個(gè)人上線。 見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的美國(guó)人民表示早知道了，這次Wikileaks證實(shí)了他們的猜測(cè)。 https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/794473977162924032 無(wú)獨(dú)有偶，其實(shí)早在1994年就有紀(jì)錄片推出了關(guān)于華盛頓特區(qū)的兒童性侵行為與戀童圈子，直達(dá)白宮高層。越戰(zhàn)老兵與16年的參議員John DeCamp冒死調(diào)查。 [圖片] 想…閱讀全文??贊同 339??117 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏人民英雄阿桑奇對(duì)美國(guó)大選的公開(kāi)聲明只增笑耳JasonSimple and direct作者：zj wolf 維基解密網(wǎng)站主頁(yè)新刊登了如下聲明（2016年11月8日） https://wikileaks.org/Assange-Statement-on-the-US-Election.html Assange Statement on the US Election 8 November 2016 By Julian Assange In recent months, WikiLeaks and I personally have come under enormous pressure to stop publishing what the Clinton campaign says about itself to itself. That pressure has come from the campaign’s allies, including the Obama administration, an…閱讀全文??贊同 114??10 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏維基解密有哪些最新猛料？圖盧編程愛(ài)好者維基解密當(dāng)年曝光美軍機(jī)密火速成名的時(shí)候，維基百科的創(chuàng)始人還特意出來(lái)澄清，我們和他們沒(méi)關(guān)系。題主這么一問(wèn)，估計(jì)吉米·威爾士又要笑cry 了。 Wiki 這個(gè)詞指代的是可協(xié)作文本系統(tǒng)，早年間但凡是想做在線協(xié)作內(nèi)容社區(qū)的，都喜歡拿來(lái)做域名。閱讀全文??贊同 26??1 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡杜特爾特怒噴索羅斯：人權(quán)屬于索羅斯Reincarnated.Ra[圖片] http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN12Z223 菲律賓總統(tǒng)杜特爾特在星期五晚上關(guān)于毒品戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的聲明中宣布毒品情況已經(jīng)大大改觀，并感謝中國(guó)對(duì)于緝毒的大力支持。這個(gè)新上任的總統(tǒng)在演講中卻不停抨擊美國(guó)。 中國(guó)替菲律賓捐建了一個(gè)很大的戒毒中心?！艾F(xiàn)在誰(shuí)幫了菲律賓？中國(guó)?！倍盘貭柼卣f(shuō)道?！懊绹?guó)呢？他們說(shuō)了啥？‘杜特爾特，停止未經(jīng)法律審判的殺戮。我們會(huì)讓你負(fù)責(zé)的?！?“我說(shuō)了：‘你們可以去地獄了。你們都是屎。你們把菲律賓人當(dāng)狗看。。?！喿x全文??贊同 145??44 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏澳總理為維基揭秘創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇發(fā)聲，促美國(guó)結(jié)束對(duì)其追捕，該事件的具體情況是什么？劉某某兜無(wú)碎銀幾兩，偏愛(ài)指點(diǎn)江山；身止百十斤肉，妄言民族大義。其實(shí)看到斯諾登宣誓成為俄羅斯公民并獲得保護(hù)那一刻，我就想到了阿桑奇。 同樣是西方虛偽民主和美國(guó)惡行的揭露者，甚至阿桑奇提供的美軍在阿富汗和伊拉克的暴行更直接更有力，為什么他會(huì)被遺忘？ 個(gè)人認(rèn)為，其他時(shí)候就算了，但在斯諾登成為俄羅斯公民而舉世矚目的時(shí)候，還在英國(guó)倫敦監(jiān)獄里面的阿桑奇不該被遺忘。 簡(jiǎn)單描述一下阿桑奇的事吧： 朱利安.阿桑奇，1971年7月出生在澳大利亞湯斯維爾； 1987年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)編程，主攻黑客技…閱讀全文??贊同 72??3 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡阿桑奇被捕有哪些罪名成立?一頭霧水資深潛水員（1）瑞典抓阿桑奇的罪名是”涉嫌性侵和強(qiáng)奸“（allegations of sexual assault and rape） 但當(dāng)初瑞典抓阿桑奇的罪名成立嗎？ 任何當(dāng)時(shí)關(guān)心過(guò)瑞典案的人都很容易看出那是一出典型的“女色設(shè)局”。其發(fā)生在曼寧爆料幾個(gè)月之后，奧巴馬司法部正考慮如何抓捕阿桑奇并與瑞典官方接觸后發(fā)生的。事實(shí)上阿桑奇在“女色設(shè)局”之前就公開(kāi)預(yù)言美國(guó)正在想辦法引渡他（奧巴馬政府的司法部長(zhǎng)霍德要修理阿桑奇的話已泄露出來(lái)），盡管不知道以…閱讀全文??贊同 47??14 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡應(yīng)該如何評(píng)價(jià)阿桑奇和他的維基解密？WarOH協(xié)虎用通俗的語(yǔ)言科普軍史故事、武器裝備，傳播軍史正能量2010年，一段伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的視頻在全世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上流傳，視頻內(nèi)容是美國(guó)陸軍航空部隊(duì)在伊拉克的屠殺。 該事件發(fā)生于2007年夏天，美國(guó)陸軍航空兵兩架“阿帕奇”在巴格達(dá)“剿匪”，他們直接向地上的居民掃射，打死平民十幾人。這些視頻本來(lái)都是美國(guó)陸軍的高度機(jī)密，是絕不可能外傳的，事件發(fā)生后美國(guó)政府嚴(yán)查泄密事件，最后找到了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站——維基解密。 [圖片] 維基解密，這個(gè)如今大名鼎鼎的網(wǎng)站在當(dāng)年還比較冷門(mén)， 其創(chuàng)始人是澳大利亞著名…閱讀全文??贊同 38??2 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡希拉里謀殺Scalia跟進(jìn)：另一封郵件是交易合同Reincarnated.Ra在此聲明：此欄目十分政治不正確外加陰謀論，對(duì)于已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的被“證明”的真相毫無(wú)興趣。比如誰(shuí)都知道的希特勒用4個(gè)爐子奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)殺了多達(dá)幾百萬(wàn)猶太人這種事情，泰坦尼克號(hào)是自然事故之類(lèi)的是不會(huì)報(bào)道的。喜歡陰謀論的低智商小朋友請(qǐng)像我一樣戴好Tinfoil Hat。理客中IQ200們還請(qǐng)帶著你們“希拉里真做出這種事早就被告了”的思維到別的欄目刷藍(lán)瘦香菇，屑屑。 ----------------------------------------------------------…閱讀全文??贊同 130??55 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏阿桑奇被捕，如何看待維基解密與阿桑奇？彼得·克魯泡特金民社安康“自由”的西方逮捕阿桑奇，因?yàn)樗非蟮氖钦嬲淖杂?，而敵人只是用虛偽的“自由”?lái)欺騙人民。那不僅是阿桑奇的敵人，更是全人類(lèi)的敵人。 —— 忠告 全世界所有熱愛(ài)自由、熱愛(ài)正義、熱愛(ài)真理的人——應(yīng)該支持他。自由無(wú)國(guó)界。支持他就是支持自己。阿桑奇遭遇了卑劣的背叛，但是阿桑奇從未背叛自由與人民，自由與人民也絕不會(huì)背叛阿桑奇。 一個(gè)無(wú)一兵一卒一官一職的人，卻令全世界反動(dòng)勢(shì)力所忌憚、視之為眼中刺肉中釘。這是其作…閱讀全文??贊同 650??24 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡如何看待維基解密創(chuàng)始人阿桑奇于 2019 年 4 月 11 日在倫敦被捕？王子君手中錢(qián)、腳下路、steamdeck的重量，均不使我心安謝邀。 在權(quán)力面前英雄是什么？工具。 現(xiàn)在工具的價(jià)值已經(jīng)用盡，工具人的使命結(jié)束了。 斯諾登能喘著氣離開(kāi)香港，阿桑奇能夠躲在厄瓜多爾大使館7年，背后都是有著艱深錯(cuò)雜的大國(guó)博弈。否則，我們就把國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)想的太弱小，太無(wú)能了。 官僚體制雖然在維系工種上一貫表現(xiàn)的臃腫低效，但是一旦這套系統(tǒng)被動(dòng)員起來(lái)解決某些問(wèn)題，配合國(guó)家所擁有的資源，其效率往往令人咋舌。 這就是國(guó)家意志。 阿桑奇從獲得庇護(hù)那一天，就已經(jīng)注定了被…閱讀全文??贊同 4055??146 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡應(yīng)該如何評(píng)價(jià)阿桑奇和他的維基解密？dzdxy是阿桑奇和他的同伴們?cè)谔嵝盐覀冋硖幰粋€(gè)滿(mǎn)是謊言和荒謬的世界。但即便如此，他還是要遭受牢獄之災(zāi)。難道這本身不是一件更大的丑聞？ 不用說(shuō)阿桑奇這類(lèi)名人了。還有許多無(wú)政府主義者，比如正在遭受意大利41 BIS特別隔離監(jiān)禁的無(wú)政府主義者阿爾弗雷多·科斯皮托（Alfredo Cospito）同志,他被以“政治大屠殺”的荒謬?yán)碛膳袥Q。法西斯分子殺害青年會(huì)被釋放，但無(wú)政府主義者的反抗則成了“政治大屠殺”。 41 BIS對(duì)于革命者來(lái)說(shuō)就像…閱讀全文??贊同 31??添加評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡奧巴馬。。。撒謊可不是好孩子！Reincarnated.Ra最新Wikileaks郵件有一份勁爆泄密： 2015年郵件門(mén)爆發(fā)的時(shí)候有人采訪了奧巴馬問(wèn)他是不是知曉希拉里使用私人郵箱。奧巴馬回答了不知道。 [圖片] https://twitter.com/katherinemiller/status/574350749280432129/photo/1 這一條鏈接竟然出現(xiàn)在了Wikileaks的郵件里！具體就是希拉里團(tuán)隊(duì)也觀察到了奧巴馬的言論，但他們知道奧巴馬曾發(fā)給希拉里不是政府gov結(jié)尾的郵箱來(lái)討論重大問(wèn)題，所以?shī)W巴馬這個(gè)不知情肯定站不住腳，得趕緊把相關(guān)郵件刪光！ [圖片] WikiLeaks - The Podesta Emails 現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題來(lái)了：…閱讀全文??贊同 133??18 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏怎樣讓阿桑奇（維基解密創(chuàng)始人）免受牢獄之災(zāi)?Punk rabbiT非線性黑客，懂的比你多阿桑奇被英國(guó)關(guān)的都不成人形了，他父親上次去看望說(shuō)他身體狀況還不如他，說(shuō)實(shí)話他的健康都是個(gè)問(wèn)題了，釋放就別想了，阿桑奇唯一有可能活命的機(jī)會(huì)就是當(dāng)初直接去俄羅斯，跟斯諾登一樣，但是他選擇了躲進(jìn)英國(guó)厄瓜多爾的大使館，其實(shí)就已經(jīng)是個(gè)死人了閱讀全文??贊同 96??17 條評(píng)論?分享?收藏?喜歡瀏覽量6170 萬(wàn)討論量4.7 萬(wàn)?幫助中心知乎隱私保護(hù)指引申請(qǐng)開(kāi)通機(jī)構(gòu)號(hào)聯(lián)系我們?舉報(bào)中心涉未成年舉報(bào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言舉報(bào)涉企虛假舉報(bào)更多?關(guān)于知乎下載知乎知乎招聘知乎指南知乎協(xié)議更多京 ICP 證 110745 號(hào) · 京 ICP 備 13052560 號(hào) - 1 · 京公網(wǎng)安備 11010802020088 號(hào) · 京網(wǎng)文[2022]2674-081 號(hào) · 藥品醫(yī)療器械網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)備案（京）網(wǎng)藥械信息備字（2022）第00334號(hào) · 廣播電視節(jié)目制作經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證:（京）字第06591號(hào) · 服務(wù)熱線：400-919-0001 · Investor Relations · ? 2024 知乎 北京智者天下科技有限公司版權(quán)所有 · 違法和不良信息舉報(bào)：010-82716601 · 舉報(bào)郵箱：jubao@zhihu.
How Has WikiLeaks Managed to Keep Its Web Site Up and Running? | Scientific American
How Has WikiLeaks Managed to Keep Its Web Site Up and Running? | Scientific American
Skip to main contentScientific AmericanSign inDecember 7, 20108 min readHow Has WikiLeaks Managed to Keep Its Web Site Up and Running?Despite cyber attacks, the loss of key service providers and threats from government officials worldwide, the controversial site continues to add to its online cache of cablegate documentsBy Larry GreenemeierTechnologyOn supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.The arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in London Tuesday may have brought an end to the standoff between the 39-year-old Australian and European law enforcement, but the organization he leads has vowed to continue releasing sensitive documents. Just how WikiLeaks has been able to continue posting classified material from U.S. and other nations' diplomats and officials—despite numerous cyber attacks against the Web site and the defection of key service providers—is a bit of Internet trickery commonly deployed by legitimate and criminal online organizations alike to protect themselves from traffic spikes and from being shut down. Such is the persistence of information in the Internet Age.
PRQ.se, the Swedish Internet service provider hosting the original wikiLeaks.org Web site, has reported denial-of-service (DOS) attacks against its servers hosting WikiLeaks material. In a DOS attack computers are programmed to flood Internet servers with requests for data to the extent that those servers cannot function. WikiLeaks has since moved its Web site to the wikiLeaks.ch address. The organization last week was cut off from its provider of domain name system (DNS) service, which is used to route Internet traffic from a Web address, such as wikiLeaks.org, to the actual Internet Protocol (IP) address where WikiLeaks's data resides. EveryDNS.net dropped wikiLeaks.org as a client on December 2, citing the danger that the cyber attacks aimed at that site poses to the service's 500,000 other clients.
The U.S. government has spent the past week sticking its fingers in the dike that Wikileaks breached. The Library of Congress on December 3 confirmed that it is blocking access to the WikiLeaks site across its computer systems, including those for use by patrons in the reading rooms. "The Library decided to block Wikileaks because applicable law obligates federal agencies to protect classified information. Unauthorized disclosures of classified documents do not alter the documents' classified status or automatically result in declassification of the documents," according to a statement on the Library of Congress Web site. Many, but not all, of the documents published as part of "cablegate" contain classified information.
Yet, by keeping copies of its Web site hosted at 507 different locations, or "mirror sites," worldwide, WikiLeaks persists. In general, the organization encrypts its data and keeps the source of its whistle-blower submissions anonymous. In addition, at any given time WikiLeaks computers are feeding hundreds of thousands of fake submissions throughout its network to obscure the real documents, their points of origin and their destinations, The New Yorker reported in June.
A posting on the WikiLeaksTwitter feed Tuesday morning read: "Today's actions against our editor-in-chief, Julian Assange, won't affect our operations: We will release more cables tonight as normal." Meanwhile, Assange fights extradition to Sweden, where he is accused of one count of rape, one charge of unlawful coercion and two allegations of sexual molestation stemming from a trip to that country in August.
To better understand how WikiLeaks has been able to keep its Web site functioning despite having incurred the ire of the U.S. government and many of its allies, Scientific American spoke with Hemanshu Nigam, a former U.S. Department of Justice prosecutor of child and computer crimes who has also held high-level cyber security positions at Microsoft and News Corp. Nigam, who in May founded his own online safety, security and privacy firm called SSP Blue, points out that WikiLeaks's resilience is an important reminder of the care that must be taken by governments and individuals alike with important information, that once shared, rarely ever goes away completely.
[An edited transcript of the interview follows.]
The cat-and-mouse game that WikiLeaks is playing with authorities worldwide is a prime example of the persistence of information on the Internet. Of course, the cat is fully out of the bag now that media outlets are reporting extensively on the contents of the leaked files, but why couldn't the U.S. government or some other entity simply shut down direct access to WikiLeaks's cablegate files?
You can shut down a Web site, but there's no question an individual intent on distributing that information will already have thought about keeping a copy of it in multiple other locations, either online or offline. When you run a Web site, if you're worried about an attack on that Web site, whether it's a distributed denial-of-service attack or some sort of virus attack, the best solution to those worries is to create backup plans. There could be a copy of that information sitting on a thumb drive that everyone buys at Costco for really cheap nowadays. It could be backed up on a CD. It could be stored with a cloud network storage company that can be accessed from anywhere. That's why this is a pretty significant challenge for the government to try to shut down a site—the task is, frankly, impossible.
What can be done to stem the tide of information?
If you think [Assange] has done something criminal in nature and against national security, then focus on the arrest and prosecution, and focus on recovering the diplomatic damage that's already been done.
Over the past week, the WikiLeaks Web site has been brought down due to distributed denial-of-service [DOS] attacks, and then subsequently brought back online. What tools and techniques are available to Web sites to enable them to route and re-route access?
One tool is redirection, where you could have 10 different Web site addresses set up that send you to a particular location. [For example, readers who visit SciAm.com will automatically be redirected to ScientificAmerican.com.] Another option is to set up mirror sites—if the core Web server goes down, there's another Web server at a different location that will have the exact same look, feel and content. Redirects and mirror sites are common and they're necessary in order to run a legitimate business online.
Beyond the proactive steps that can be taken, the Web keeps a cache of data even after it has been taken offline. Google is a perfect example of a data cache—it doesn't actually go out on the Internet and crawl with its crawling capabilities to go find what you're looking for and bring it back to you each time you do a search. It's already done that; it's spent hours and hours of background computing time crawling the Web, sorting it and organizing it, putting it in a way that when you search for something, Google goes into its own cached data set to find it. The history maintained by your Web browser is another example of a data cache. In addition, some Web searches will return listings containing a "cached" hyperlink. When you click on that link, the original site may not exist, but the cache may still be there. It can take anywhere from three months to a year for Web browsers to re-crawl the Internet and update their cache to shed deleted Web pages.
Malicious hackers use these methods as well as proxy servers to obfuscate the location of their data and avoid prosecution. Are there legitimate uses for proxies, redirection, mirror sites and data caches?
A lot of legitimate sites use proxy servers, for example, because they keep data requests from being bottlenecked at a single server and make data flow faster. This can also be used to hide your location, which is useful when you're operating a controversial site and are worried about it being attacked or vandalized online. You could be standing up for a cause that you believe in such as gay rights and you have a Web site dedicated to that, but you're worried that people against your cause will try to take your site down. Then you would want to try to use proxies and route the data traffic to other locations, jump from one router to another and put the site behind a caching wall. You use multiple layers of security to protect yourself. Of course, proxy servers are also used by those doing things that are illegal to help avoid prosecution.
EveryDNS.net, a provider of domain name system [DNS] service that routes Internet traffic from domain names to IP addresses, dropped the wikiLeaks.org account last week. EveryDNS.net does not host content, however, so what did this action mean for WikiLeaks?
Basically if you don't have a DNS provider, nobody can find you. When you punch in wikiLeaks.org, your system says, I need to go find wikiLeaks.org, so it goes to a DNS provider that says, "I can point you to that direction." When you take that away that DNS provider there's nobody telling the computer where to go to retrieve it. You in essence go dark.
EveryDNS.net indicated on its Web site that? having WikiLeaks as a client—and providing DNS services for the site's content—put other clients at a security risk. Could cyber attacks against wikiLeaks.org actually endanger other EveryDNS.net sites?
I think this is a positive statement [by EveryDNS.net] and has a lot to do with them being worried about their reputation and being seen as aligned with a guy who may be charged pretty soon with crimes against the United States. This is what I would drop into the category of corporate reputation management. From a security perspective, I don't think there's really a worry here, unless what they're worried about is a potential anti-WikiLeaks attacker saying, "I'm going to go after all of your clients simply because you are supporting wikiLeaks.org."
All of the documents posted to WikiLeaks's Web site thus far amount to a few gigabytes of data. Now WikiLeaks claims to have a 1.4-gigabyte "insurance" file, or poison pill, (containing information about BP and Guantánamo Bay) protected by a 256-digit key encryption to use in the event founder Julian Assange is prosecuted or the Web site is permanently shuttered. Why is this significant? What would it take to decrypt such a heavily protected file?
Use of 256-digit key encryption is [a level of encryption that is] more than serious—it's ridiculous. Here's a guy who's backed into a corner and who's telling the world that he has the button to what in his mind is a nuclear bomb. What he's saying is, "I have a file that is guarded heavily that you can't break into but I can." He's set it up in a way that there is nothing that can be done to destroy or tamper with the file—it would take you years to decrypt 256-digit encryption.
What does the WikiLeaks incident tell people about the way information lives on the Internet, and what lesson should be learned here?
The message is loud and clear to individuals, businesses and the government. On your laptop you should have a sentence taped to the top of your screen that says, "Before I hit send, do I want to see this on the front page of The New York Times or in Scientific American?" Once you hit send and send it to the Internet world, it's going to be persistent—and in many ways permanent. If you don't put certain information onto the public Net, you're not going to have this problem in the first place. The message to the government is that as much as it wants to embrace the digital world it still needs to take almost a pause and look at the data they have and consider whether that data should be stored in digital form. If it is going to go into digital form, then there's a very long list of security measures that the government needs to be focused on. The government really needs to be on a red-alert status when it comes to protecting their top-secret information.Rights & PermissionsLarry Greenemeier is the associate editor of technology for Scientific American, covering a variety of tech-related topics, including biotech, computers, military tech, nanotech and robots.More by Larry GreenemeierExpand Your World with ScienceLearn and share the most exciting discoveries, innovations and ideas shaping our world today.SubscribeSign up for our newslettersSee the latest storiesRead the latest issueFollow Us:Return & Refund PolicyAboutPress RoomFAQsContact UsInternational EditionsAdvertiseSA Custom MediaTerms of UsePrivacy PolicyCalifornia Consumer Privacy StatementUse of cookies/Do not sell my dataScientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us). Scientific American maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers.? 2024 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, A DIVISION OF SPRINGER NATURE AMERICA, INC.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Wikileaks: 8 biggest leaks in its history | TechRadar
Wikileaks: 8 biggest leaks in its history | TechRadar
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Wikileaks: 8 biggest leaks in its history
News
By Marc Chacksfield published 29 November 2010
From BNP lists to the Iraq War documents
Wikileaks - leakiest site around
Page 1 of 2:
BNP, Scientology and Sarah Palin
BNP, Scientology and Sarah Palin
Web censorship, climate and the Bilderbergers
The most important website in the world right now isn't Facebook, Google or Twitter but one that's lifting the lid on the machinations of governments the world over. It's also shining a light on racist political parties and trying to out those who are actively censoring the web.Wikileaks, for good or bad, is offering up the truth in a way that's not been seen before.Its motto is "to publish fact-based stories without fear or favour" and it's a site run by volunteers who seemingly seek nothing but fact.This week saw the biggest leak yet for the site. A total of 251,287 United States embassy cables were put onto torrents for anyone to download.According to Wikileaks, it's "the largest set of confidential documents ever to be released into the public domain."The documents go as far back as 1966 and offering them up to the public has seen the US and many other countries go into diplomatic crisis overload.But this isn't the first time Wikileaks has managed to deliver documents that have embarrassed whole countries and it certainly won't be the last.Below are 8 of the biggest leaks from a website that's only been around for four short years, but has already left a legacy that will last for decades to come.1. Scientology exposedIt's one of the most secretive religions in the world. Founded by sci-fi author L Ron Hubbard in 1952 and now seen as the religion of choice by the Hollywood elite, the methods of the Church of Scientology have been shrouded in secrecy for a long time.Wikileaks changed all this by posting "the collected secret 'bibles' of Scientology" – a whole host of documents that explained the hierarchy within Scientology.The religion and its lawyers were not best pleased.2. BNP membership list releasedFor some reason, not everybody in the British National Party is happy to have their name associated with the BNP.This became apparent when Wikileaks (and other blogs) published details of every member of the far-right political part, including addresses and what they did for a living.The document meant that anybody who downloaded the information could CTRL+F their way to finding out who in their hometown was paying the BNP to pedal its non-immigration stance.Teachers were exposed, as were members of the UK police force, which was bad news for the officers – it's illegal to be in the police and support the party.3. Afghan War logsThe leaking of the Afghan War Logs put Wikileaks firmly in the public conscience, mainly due to the US government publicly condemning the information that was made available to the public.Talk of torture, the death of civilians and a multitude of cover-ups did not make for light reading, but did show off the true horror of what was seen by many as an unwinnable war.4. Sarah Palin's email account gets hackedPalin's latest slip of the tongue made her North Korea's latest fan recently, but it was her outed Yahoo email accounts that caused even more embarrassment back in 2008.According to information given to Wikileaks, Palin was using her private Yahoo account to send work messages – a minor faux pas, but one that is strictly forbidden when you're part of the US government.Considering she may well be running for President in the near future, we really hope she doesn't make the same mistake again. Or at least updates her personal email to something a bit hipper, like Gmail.
1
2
Current page:
BNP, Scientology and Sarah Palin
Next Page Web censorship, climate and the Bilderbergers
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Marc ChacksfieldSocial Links NavigationMarc Chacksfield is the Editor In Chief, Shortlist.com at DC Thomson. He started out life as a movie writer for numerous (now defunct) magazines and soon found himself online - editing a gaggle of gadget sites, including TechRadar, Digital Camera World and Tom's Guide UK. At Shortlist you'll find him mostly writing about movies and tech, so no change there then.
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